"Connecting" and "Disconnecting" With Civic Life: Patterns of Internet Use and the Production of Social Capital

This article explores the relationship between Internet use and the individual-level production of social capital. To do so, the authors adopt a motivational perspective to distinguish among types of Internet use when examining the factors predicting civic engagement, interpersonal trust, and life contentment. The predictive power of new media use is then analyzed relative to key demographic, contextual, and traditional media use variables using the 1999 DDB Life Style Study. Although the size of associations is generally small, the data suggest that informational uses of the Internet are positively related to individual differences in the production of social capital, whereas social-recreational uses are negatively related to these civic indicators. Analyses within subsamples defined by generational age breaks further suggest that social capital production is related to Internet use among Generation X, while it is tied to television use among Baby Boomers and newspaper use among members of the Civic Generation. The possibility of life cycle and cohort effects is discussed.     

我国集体土地征收补偿标准之重构

我国在土地征收中采用的补偿标准为统一年产值和区片综合地价的混合标准,该标准将农地转用过程中产生的级差收益收归政府及开发商,严重损害被征收人利益。因此,有必要改革现有补偿标准,将市场价格作为补偿的一般标准,并采用售价比较方式来确定被征收土地的市场价格。在这一标准下,被征收人可获取土地增值通过市场机制转化而成的货币表现,政府则通过征收土地增值税获得其应得的土地增值利益,从而实现私益与公益的平衡。     

Attribution in Company Law

In Bilta (UK) Ltd (in liquidation) v Nazir (No 2), the Court of Appeal held that the ex turpi causa defence was inapplicable by refusing to attribute the fraud of the directors and the sole shareholder to the company in connection with the company's claim against them and third party co‐conspirators. It is significant that the court has not only clarified the law in relation to attribution, but it did so by rejecting the majority's reasoning and endorsing the dissenting judgment in the House of Lords decision in Stone & Rolls (in liquidation) v Moore Stephens (a firm). This article evaluates the decision in Bilta by critically examining the fundamental principles and policies that apply to the three distinct circumstances under which corporate attribution should or should not take place.     

我国土地流转信托的若干法律问题研究

土地流转信托是我国农村土地流转方式的创新。土地流转信托是舶来品,国内尚无相关的法律法规进行规制,实践过程中存在土地确权不完整、缺乏完备的法律依据、欠缺有效的监督机制等问题。本文立足于当前国内土地流转信托的实践,从实证的角度对土地流转信托的若干法律问题进行研判,建议尽快完善土地信托配套制度和法律体系。     

日本警察枪支使用法律制度及其借鉴意义

日本立法对警察使用枪支予以全程规制,规定了事先拔枪、准备射击、开枪时预告、开枪恐吓、开枪射击和报告等内容,对使用枪支的不同形态分别设定条件,并以高阶位法设定警察开枪的条件,规定内容详尽,使用枪支条件的设定比较合理。对于日本警察枪支使用法律制度的这些优点,我国在完善自身相关法律制度的过程中可以借鉴。     

公安民警武器使用情况调查与分析

枪支是人民警察专配的、震慑与制服违法犯罪嫌疑人的直接工具和保护执勤的公安民警的有力武器。目前对武器的管理虽然可以避免滥用武器警械事件发生,但容易造成公安民警不必要的伤亡,也会降低公安民警在紧急情况下使用枪支的意识和技能。     

美国警察枪支使用法律制度概要

美国警察枪支使用法律制度比较健全,法律、司法判例和警局政策规定了警察使用枪支须遵循必要合理原则和生命威胁原则,同时,规定了详尽的用枪条件和严格的事前警告、事后报告程序。心理辅导、法律帮助制度体现了对警察用枪的人性化关怀。培训、认证和警用装备制度则确保了警察执法时能够正确使用武器。     

农村妇女土地承包经营权之法律保障——以社会性别为视角

土地权利是农村妇女实现自我生存与发展的重要保障。虽然我国现行法律对农村妇女土地承包经营权有了较为明确的规定,但从实际操作来看,各农村地区侵害妇女土地承包经营权的情形还是时有发生。究其根源,仍在于男女两性的生理差别和由来已久的“男女平等”较量。因此,有必要在农村妇女的权益保障中引入社会性别视角,从提高法律法规的实际可操作性;强化行政司法救济途径等入手,为真正实现农村妇女土地承包经营权提供法律保障。