Image analysis of gunshot residue on entry wounds: II – A statistical estimation of firing range

A statistical investigation of the relationship between firing range and the amount and distribution of gunshot residue (GSR), used automated image analysis (IA) to quantify GSR deposit resulting from firings into pig skin, from distances ranging between contact and 45 cm. Overall, for a Ruger .22 semi-automatic rifle using CCI solid point, high velocity ammunition, the total area of GSR deposit on the skin sections decreased in a non-linear fashion with firing range. More specifically there were significant differences in the amount of GSR deposited from shots fired at contact compared with shots fired from distances between 2.5 and 45 cm; and between shots fired from a distance of 20 cm or less, with shots fired at a distance of 30 cm or more. In addition, GSR particles were heavily concentrated in the wound tract only for contact and close range shots at 2.5 cm, while the particle distribution was more uniform between the wound tract and the skin surfaces for shots fired from distances greater than 2.5 cm. Consequently, for future scientific investigations of gunshot fatalities, once standards have been established for the weapon and ammunition type in question, image analysis quantification of GSR deposited in and around the gunshot wound may be capable of providing a reliable, statistical basis for estimating firing range.     

新意识形态与中国传媒——新世纪新闻传播研究的一个前沿课题

中国新意识形态是社会结构转型中的重要组成部分,它从阶级利益走向共同利益,虚构现实,生产现实,存在于对个体的咨唤之中,个体因此而“自由地同意”成为主体。新意识形态体现为政治上的国家主义,经济上的实用主义和文化上的消费主义,其叙事的核心是传媒镜像。而传播的研究,则是与特殊知识分子的角色定位一致的,“新意识形态与中国传媒”是他们大显身手的学术舞台。     

警察语言形象建设——警察语言的职业特性分析及启示

近年来,警察语言问题受到很大的关注。警察语言具有鲜明的行业特性,公安机关要加强对警察行业语言的研究,充分认识警察行业语言的职业特性,并为达到警察语言形象建设的目标而采取积极有效的措施。     

基层党的领导与村民自治关系研究

村民自治的确立和实现,从根本上讲是中国共产党有效领导、积极组织和大力推进的结果,《村民委员会组织法》明确了基层党组织对村民自治的＂领导核心＂地位。但实践中,党的领导与村民自治之间出现了不协调,只有正确把握党的领导与人们当家作主之间的关系,改变党的领导观念和领导方式,不断进行制度创新,把基层党的领导权与村民自治权有机结合起来,才能实现党对村民自治的坚强领导,保障村民自治的健康发展。     

大鼠脑细胞DNA含量与死亡时间关系的图像分析

应用计算机图像分析技术 ,测定 15只大鼠死后 48h内不同时间点大鼠脑细胞核DNA含量的面积(Area)、等效直径 (Mean Dia ,MD)、异形指数 (Indexofdensity ,ID)、平均光度 (Averageopticaldensity ,AOD)、积分光度 (Integralopticaldensity ,IOD)、密度变化数 (L Den Coe ,LDC)和平均灰度 (Averagegray ,AG)等七项参数的变化值。结果证明 ,在大鼠死亡后 2 8h内 ,其脑细胞核DNA降解速率与PMI具有一定相关性。将每个参数的测量值进行多项式运算 ,获得了更能体现DNA降解趋势的二项式回归方程。其结果表明 ,应用计算机图像分析技术 ,测量机体死后DNA含量变化 ,将会成为推断PMI精确、客观的新方法。     

浅议在党的坚强领导下与时俱进推动公安工作的新发展

当前我国社会正处于深刻变革之中,公安工作也面临着很多新情况和新问题,公安机关应当在党的坚强领导下更加扎实有效地推动公安工作再上新台阶,更好地维护中国共产党的执政地位,巩固共产党执政的群众基础.     

An Exploratory Study into the Understandings and Awareness of Leadership Ethos and Its Inherent Critical Success Factors by Public Sector Officials in the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) and the Ministry of the National Economy (ECONAT)

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to examine the understandings of public sector leaders about Leadership Ethos (LE) and its inherent Critical Success Factors(CSFs) looking at their application in the public policy implementation process. The study applied an adapted theoretical paradigm on leadership that borrows from the Western and African contexts. In the light of the aim and objective of the study, both the interview schedule and survey questionnaires were used to gather information with regard to LE and its inherent CSFs. In this view, a semi-structured interview schedule was used to guide both interviews with senior public officials - one in the DTI and one in the ECONAT. A survey questionnaire was administered to public officials at middle and lower management levels working and reporting directly to the interviewed senior public officials. The purpose of the questionnaire was to reduce personal biases inherent in the responses of the senior officials, which appear to be a challenge emerging from self-perception assessments. Research findings suggest that leaders at the DTI and the ECONAT do not sufficiently demonstrate an awareness of LE and its inherent CSFs in the practice of leadership. LE enables leaders garner followers’ trust and obtain their consent; encourage followers’ commitment to organisational goals; and introduce and encourage participatory decision making processes as key factors to successful public policy implementation.     

韩国国家形象的变迁及其启示

得益于本国的高速发展和积极的对外传播,韩国的国家形象在近30年的时间里实现了质的飞跃：从一个经济落后、军人专制、南北对峙的形象,转变为以经济发达、政治民主、南北和解、活力动感等为主要内容的新形象。韩国经验的启示在于：一,国家形象提升的基础是国力的提升,对外传播工作的实质是把这一情况适时准确地告知传播对象;二,国家形象的定位要与国家的发展战略方向一致,由适当的机构统筹协调国家形象建设工作,切实贯彻国家的发展战略和与此相辅相成的国家形象战略;三,对外传播要以传播对象为本,充分考虑外国人的真实感受,针对传播对象的特性选择最有效的沟通方式;四,充分发挥跨国企业在国家形象建设中的积极作用。     

Selection of image features for steganalysis based on the Fisher criterion

A steganalytic feature selection method based on the Fisher criterion used in pattern recognition is proposed in this paper in order to reduce effectively the high dimensionality of the statistical features used in state-of-the-art steganalysis. First, the separability of each single-dimension feature in the feature space is evaluated using the Fisher criterion, and these features are reordered in descending order of separability. Then, starting from the first dimension of the reordered features, as the dimension increases, the separability of each feature component is analyzed using the Fisher criterion combined with the Euclidean distance. Finally, the feature components with the best separability are selected as the final steganalytic features. Experimental results based on the selection of SPAM (Subtractive Pixel Adjacency Matrix) features in spatial-domain steganalysis and CC-PEV (Cartesian Calibrated feature extracted by PEVný) features in DCT-domain steganalysis show that the proposed method can not only reduce the dimensionality of the features efficiently while maintaining the accuracy of the steganalysis, but also greatly improve the detection efficiency.     

Party Competition and Reforms of Unemployment Benefits in Germany: How a Small Change in Electoral Demand Can Make a Big Difference

This article shows how party competition has influenced reforms of unemployment benefits in Germany. The existing literature on German labour market policy emphasises institutional factors and predicts policy stability. Consequently, the recent fundamental reforms (‘Hartz reforms’) pose a challenge to previous research. By looking at the spatial configuration of the party system and at policy demand, this article argues that the incremental retrenchments of the 1980s and 1990s were conditioned by centripetal competition and a high degree of welfare consensus, whereas the more radical Hartz reforms were made possible by a limited shift in public opinion in favour of restructuring and the lack of a left-wing counterweight in the party system. Thus, the structure of the party system exacerbated the effect of a demand shift that was only moderate. The analysis is not meant to discard other explanatory factors, rather it intends to demonstrate the relevance of party competition to the study of labour market reforms in Germany and, more generally, to comparative welfare state research.