Advertising and the Image of Politicians in Evolving and Established Democracies

Abstract

The article¹ analyzes the constructivist and realist approaches to research on voting behavior in presidential elections in evolving (Poland) and established (U.S.) democracies. The influence of a politician's image on affective attitudes toward the candidate is stressed in the first approach; the other approach stresses the role of affect in forming such an image. Using experimental data from the 2000 presidential elections in each country, the research applied structural equation modeling and multiple regression analysis to show the best way to use image construction to influence voting behavior and, in the realist approach, the key role of affects as the starting point for designing and creating politicans' images. The results of the research also show that Polish and American voters perceive slightly differently the socio-political reality created by the media, but in both countries political advertising plays an important role in creating political images.     

Understanding the links between perceived prison conditions and prison staff

In the Dutch prison system, motivational treatment is seen as one of the key contributors to a dignified and humane prison climate, stimulating inmates to assume personal responsibility and to change their lives. Staff are seen as the crucial factor to attaining this goal. The assumption is that the staff’s work situation has an impact on how inmates are treated. How inmates are treated in turn influences how they perceive prison conditions. In this study, we will examine the correlations between work situation, treatment styles and perceived prison conditions by means of a multilevel linear regression. The results show that a good work situation for prison staff is a precondition for practicing an active approach to inmates. In addition, inmates are more satisfied with the prison conditions if the various treatment styles are thoroughly applied. A balance between providing support and structure for inmates appears to be very important. Motivational treatment proves to be significantly correlated to the inmates’ satisfaction regarding prison conditions.     

中国共产党引领乡村治理的百年回望与经验启迪

乡村治理是考察中国共产党辉煌历程的重要切口.百年以来,中国共产党引领乡村治理的过程演进,始终在国家与社会关系的结构框架内展开,表现出明显的阶段性变动.以改革开放为时间标识,可以将这个由现代化催动的历史进程分成前后延承的两大时段:前一时段侧重于解决国家政权建设的时代命题,并呈现为从政党下乡局部实践到总体治理逐步打造的路向...     

领导激励原理和方法

激励是指通过了解人的需要，激发人的内在动机，使其朝向所期望的目标前进的　心理活动过程，亦即激发、调动人的积极性的过程。人是领导活动中最重要的资源。人的积　极性是以合理的需要得到满足为基础的，是由受需要所制约的动机所推动的，是受一定形式　的激励所激发的。激励是领导工作的一个极为重要的部分，创设与人的需求相适应的外在诱　因，是激励工作的切入点。因此，领导者要做好激励工作，必须遵循　“各尽所能、按劳分　配”、满足需要与承担义务相结合、满足需要与生产力水平相适应和正确处理国家、集体、　个人三者利益关系等领导激励的基本原则以及掌握好需要激励、工作激励、目标激励、榜样　激励等领导激励的基本方法，注重各种激励方式有机结合，并贯穿于整个管理过程之中，这　是有效激励的主要途径。     

论江泽民领导理论的时代特色

江泽民领导理论着眼于发展与创新 ,坚持理论与实践的统一 ,领导与群众的统一 ,世界观与方法论的统一 ,贯穿了“三个代表”重要思想 ,继承和发展了马克思主义领导理论 ,形成系统、完整、科学的现代领导理论。     

定量检测NSE和S-100推断脑挫伤时间的动物实验

观察实验性大鼠脑挫伤后NSE、S－100的时间性变化规律,为法医学推断脑挫伤形成时间提供新的手段。采用改进的Feeney氏落体打击致Wistar大鼠脑挫伤模型,进行免疫组织化学SP法染色,并利用图像分析仪对免疫组化染色阳性细胞灰度和面积进行测量,SAS统计软件分析,结果显示：NSE阳性神经元灰度与面积在伤后1h至2d呈下降趋势,至伤后12h阳性细胞灰度、面积降到最小值（P＜0．01）;S－100阳性细胞面积和灰度伤后呈上升趋势,至伤后4dS－100阳性细胞灰度、面积达到最大值,与对照组及其它实验组比较均有显著性差异（P＜0．01）,伤后5d仍保持较高水平;NSE、S－100免疫组织化学染色阳性细胞的数量、灰度、面积改变有时间规律。推断2d内脑挫伤可用NSE作为主要指标,推断2～5d的脑挫伤则以S－100改变为主。     

iCOP: Live forensics to reveal previously unknown criminal media on P2P networks

The increasing levels of criminal media being shared in peer-to-peer (P2P) networks pose a significant challenge to law enforcement agencies. One of the main priorities for P2P investigators is to identify cases where a user is actively engaged in the production of child sexual abuse (CSA) media – they can be indicators of recent or on-going child abuse. Although a number of P2P monitoring tools exist to detect paedophile activity in such networks, they typically rely on hash value databases of known CSA media. As a result, these tools are not able to adequately triage the thousands of results they retrieve, nor can they identify new child abuse media that are being released on to a network. In this paper, we present a new intelligent forensics approach that incorporates the advantages of artificial intelligence and machine learning theory to automatically flag new/previously unseen CSA media to investigators. Additionally, the research was extensively discussed with law enforcement cybercrime specialists from different European countries and Interpol. The approach has been implemented into the iCOP toolkit, a software package that is designed to perform live forensic analysis on a P2P network environment. In addition, the system offers secondary features, such as showing on-line sharers of known CSA files and the ability to see other files shared by the same GUID or other IP addresses used by the same P2P client. Finally, our evaluation on real CSA case data shows high degrees of accuracy, while hands-on trials with law enforcement officers demonstrate the toolkit's complementarity to extant investigative workflows.     

东亚区域合作的制约性因素分析

要实现东亚区域合作,推动东亚共同体的建设,解决东亚区域合作进程中存在的现实难题,当务之急需要处理好以下几个方面的问题：一是美国因素,即美国对东亚区域合作的态度与东亚对美国在区域合作中态度的看法;二是领导权,即必须要有一个坚强的领导核心推进东亚区域合作;三是互信原则的确立,东亚各国必须建立互信关系,尤其是东亚地区大国之间的相互信任：四是“低级政治与高级政治并行发展”,经济合作与政治安全合作同步进行。     

大鼠脑细胞DNA含量与死亡时间关系的图像分析

运用计算机图像分析技术 ,对大鼠死后脑细胞DNA的变化进行观测 ,以寻找一种客观、量化的推断早期死亡时间的标准。实验选择 1 5只大鼠。处死后 ,在 2 4h内每隔 1h分别取脑细胞进行细胞学涂片、福尔马林液固定、Feulgen染色、自动图象分析仪测量、统计学处理。结果显示 :大鼠的早期死亡时间与其脑细胞DNA降解速率呈线性关系 ,其中积分光密度 (IOD)、平均灰度 (AG)、异形指数 (ID)提示本法有可能作为精确推断死亡时间 (PMI)的辅助手段。     

人脑挫伤后S-100和GFAP的变化

应用免疫组织化学染色 ,观察人脑挫伤后 S- 10 0和 GFAP时间变化的规律 ,为脑挫伤形成时间的推断提供新的形态学依据。S- 10 0阳性细胞面积、灰度在伤后 48h显著增加 (P<0 .0 1) ;伤后 4d阳性细胞面积、灰度达到峰值 (P<0 .0 1) ;伤后 11d仍然保持较高水平 (P<0 .0 1)。GFAP阳性细胞面积、灰度伤后 2 4h显著增加 (P<0 .0 1) ;7d达高峰 (P<0 .0 1) ;以后有逐渐下降的趋势。伤后人脑组织 S- 10 0和 GFAP免疫组织化学染色阳性细胞面积、灰度改变有时间规律 ,两者可作为在 2～ 2 0 d内不同时间脑损伤的推断指标