论司法权威的权利文化基础

司法权威与权利文化是互动关系。司法权威植根于特定的文化基础中,权利文化的内核决定了司法权威的价值取向,并给司法权威成长提供了观念性动力,因之,扩张和保障权利构成了司法审查权威的文化基石,而司法权威的树立也促进了主流法律文化的形成。     

中美高等教育效果对比及其制度根源分析

中美高等教育效果存在巨大差异。通过对中美高等教育的招生原则、培养原则、培养方式、课程学习、淘汰机制等方面的分析对比,说明我国以纵向集权约束为特征的高等教育制度急需创新,目前,它已经直接影响到我国大学竞争力的提升、教授群体的威信、科技创新群体的创新精神培育和科技产出。     

地方政府部门绩效评价：困境、方法与指标体系——以朔州市工商行政管理局为个案

地方政府部门绩效评价是地方政府实行绩效管理的必然选择，它能够很好地引导部门工作人员的行政行为。但由于政府部门绩效评价自身实施有困难，加之评价主体与评价对象信息不对称等使得地方政府部门绩效评价工作运行不畅。以朔州市工商行政管理局为具体研究对象，运用层次分析法对绩效评价进行研究，经过指标体系的设计、权重的赋值、数据的处理等步骤后，把多个指标对绩效评价体系不同方面的评价值综合起来，可以得出地方政府部门的整体绩效，从而为我国政府部门的绩效评价提供有益借鉴。     

寻求合法性——浅析英国现代警察制度的建立根据

现代警察制度的建立必须有其经过充分论证的合法性根据;对于英国这样一个有着浓厚保守主义传统的国家来说,此项根据必须能够具体涵盖保障公民自由及地方自治。通过帕特里克.柯洪的详细理论阐释以及罗伯特.皮尔所推动通过的《大都市警察法》及其一系列建警、警务原则,现代警察制度的合法性根据得以成功构筑。     

立法后评估主体制度刍议——以地方行政立法后评估为范本

立法后评估是了解立法效果,提高立法水平的重要手段,评估主体制度是其中一项重要内容。通过对制度设计原则、主体分类的研究,以及国内外实践的比较,我国应当将立法机关确立为地方行政立法后评估的评估单位,并科学设定后评估的参与者,以确保立法后评估达成预期效果。     

THE EFFECTS OF LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT BLOCK GRANTS ON SERIOUS CRIME*

Research Summary The Local Law Enforcement Block Grants (LLEBG) Program was second only to the Community‐Oriented Policing Services (COPS) Program in its funding levels. Some $3 billion was dispensed to local jurisdictions to reduce crime and improve public safety; yet the effects of LLEBG funding on crime have been all but ignored. Accordingly, panel data from more than 5,000 cities covering a 12‐year period (1990–2001) were collected, and index crime rates were regressed on LLEBG funding and appropriate demographic controls. Additional controls for police levels and other federal grants were also introduced, proper checks for endogeneity of grants (and police levels) were performed, and the models were subjected to an array of robustness checks. A consistent message emerged: LLEBG Program funding was associated with significant reductions in serious crime. Policy Implications Although LLEBG funding seemed to reduce serious crime, the results also revealed that the decrease did not occur through the hiring of additional police officers, even though many funds were used for that purpose. Other mechanisms were thus at work, but the data did not provide insights into what these mechanisms were. In any case, every $1 in LLEBG funding per capita was associated with approximately 59 fewer index crimes per 100,000 people. When combined with the findings from recent studies of the effects of community policing grants on crime, this study suggests additional federal support for local law‐enforcement agencies should be considered.     

转型时期国家权威与政党政治——以当代中国政党制度为例探讨之

国家权威是衡量国家能力强弱的尺度，它为政府有效行使职能提供了重要的基础和保障。转型国家面临的内外环境和处于转型过程中的政府所固有的脆弱性使这些国家的政府能力和国家权威遭遇考验，甚至出现“国家权威碎裂化”的危险。作为联接政府与社会的桥梁，政党和政党政治在化解转型带来的矛盾冲突、维护国家权威方面发挥着重要作用，我国合作性的政党制度融合了一党制与多党制优势又克服了二者的不足，以其独特的结构和功能有效地维护了转型时期的国家权威。     

国家与社会的协同发展——中国地方治理发展的新趋势

综合考察当今中国各地的地方治理，我们会发现一种新的趋势正在出现：一方面，国家权力在向基层社会延伸，并在地方治理中产生了较好的效果；另一方面，基层社会自主性逐步加强，基层社会力量对国家权力的制约和监督逐步加强并规范。这一新的趋势表明，基层国家权力和社会力量协同发展的关系正在形成，良好的中国地方治理，既需要有力高效的政府，也需要一个较强自主性的社会力量。     

在地化的神明崇祀——以爪哇华神泽海真人为例

郭六官是清朝时期的一位印尼华侨商人,由于他的英雄事迹,被乾隆皇帝敕封为“泽海真人”,并在爪哇地区被奉祀为贸易和渔民的主要保护神,成为华人和爪哇人共同崇拜的神明。对于这个外来者成为本地神的案例,文章试图通过定性描述和民族志研究方法,从中找出这种神明崇祀本土化与在地化发展之间的联系。结论是:自古以来,爪哇人与华人在神明崇祀的哲学思维和具体实践中具有相似之处。通过华人的努力,来自于中国的本土神,获得了在地神的身份,并成为在地的保护神,神明崇祀出现了一种文化糅合的形态。     

When public principals give up control over private agents: The new independence of ICANN in internet governance

In 2016, the United States (US) government relinquished its long‐standing delegation contract with the Internet Corporation for Assignment of Names and Numbers (ICANN), a private organization that governs the technical infrastructure of the internet. This presents a puzzle as the US not only gave up a power resource, but also relinquished the possibility, as a public principal, to hold the private agent ICANN accountable. I argue that public principals have incentives to leave control in the hands of private stakeholders when a delegation contract is exposed to external pressure by powerful outside states and the probability of extensive policy changes by the privatized agent is limited. The analysis shows that the unilateral US control over ICANN was strongly challenged by other states and private actors. Instead of granting a greater role to rising powers in internet governance, the US gave up its unilateral influence after internal reforms limited the risk that an independent ICANN could deviate too far from former policies.