论我国地方政府问责制之建构：问题与对策

我国地方政府问责制之建构和运行正在推进,亟待深化研究加大其力度.审视其现实情境可以看到,在"谁来问责"、"如何问责"、"如何定责"与"何以为制"等问题上认识、规制和运作层面还存在诸多问题.这些制约因素对地方政府问责制的完善和运行效度的实现极为不利.因此,提出促进建构与完善我国地方政府问责制,以优化问责资源配置的基本构想与路径选择.     

The political economy of local government financialization and the role of policy diffusion

By analyzing why English local governments have made extensive use of long-term market loans with embedded derivatives, this paper seeks to contribute to the growing literature on local government financialization. Using an original, large-N panel dataset for the period from 1998 to 2014, we show that the configuration of the local political economy is an important driver of financialization processes: a Labour Party majority as well as fiscal and economic stress make it more likely that councils adopt risky financial instruments. As the use of financial innovations has also diffused geographically, policy diffusion impacts local governments as well. Highlighting the conditional effect of finance sector power, which only increases the use of financial innovations in very large councils, as well as the temporal dimension of fiscal and economic stress, we create ample avenues for further research.     

“行政主体间性”——府际关系的渊源与基点

我国中央政府、地方政府和行政部门之间的关系错综复杂,使得府际争议的求解鲜有头绪。行政主体间性的提出基于行政主体范式和主体间性理念,应用于公共行政之府际关系领域。行政主体间性倡导理性、创制规则,尊重多元行政主体的独立性,破除行政级别窠臼以实现多元行政主体间的全方位交流和多元政府间良性互动。     

国内近年来对府际关系研究综述

府际关系是一国政府行政体系内的不同层级之间、不同部门之间、不同地区之间以及部门与地区之间的关系,从主体的角度看,简言之就是块块关系、条条关系和条块关系。随着改革开放的发展,国内政府间的关系发生了很大的变化,府际关系的研究成为重要课题。     

论中央与地方关系法治化的实践和理论误区

目前,我国中央与地方关系的法治化在立法、司法方面成就与不足并存,在行政方面法治化程度最低。加快中央与地方行政关系的法治化是解决当前我国诸多重大问题的客观需要,是当前我国行政管理体制改革的必然要求。中央与地方关系的法治化问题在实质上就是国家结构形式的完善问题,在推进中央与地方关系法治化的过程中,应当注意走出国家结构形式的几个理论误区:我国的国家结构形式是单一制;联邦制奉行的是"双重主权"原则;单一制与联邦制相比,中央更具权威;完善国家结构形式,我们必须坚持单一制。     

Municipality size,political efficacy and political participation: a systematic review

ABSTRACT

It is an old adage that local government is a training ground for democracy. Its human scale means that political amateurs can contribute effectively and meaningfully to the politics of a state. But in a political climate seemingly driven to consolidate local government into ever larger units, can a not so local local government still elicit an efficacious and participatory citizenry? This paper explores the effect of municipality population size on two important aspects of democratic culture: political efficacy and political participation. Via a two-part systematic review, the paper examines how extant empirical literature bears on the relationship between size and both of these aspects, hypothesising that political efficacy plays a mediating role between size and participation. The findings are unequivocal: citizens of smaller municipalities feel a greater sense of political efficacy and participate to a greater degree in local politics.     

两级财政博弈下地方政府举债行为分析

中央和地方财政博弈随着财政制度调整一直存在。在两级财政博弈下，地方政府在财政包干制度下存在“经营企业”行为，在分税制制度下存在“经营城市”行为。地方政府“经营城市”行为结合土地制度最终导致地方政府大举借债行为的发生。     

法治一体建设地方试验型模式研究

我国法治建设实践样本观察显示,一种自下而上与自上而下相结合、坚持党的领导和坚持以人民为中心辨证统一的地方试验型法治一体建设模式已初步生成。地方试验、中央认可、稳步推广和法治固化是其运作的基本逻辑,分别构成了这一模式的基础、关键、重心和归宿。只有从法律规范层面健全正向激励和反向豁免机制,才能激活地方创新试验动能,助推法治一体建设快速生长。科学的法治建设试验评估指标体系的构建,有助于地方创新试验获得中央认可进而形成固化的法律制度,助推法治一体建设良性生长。对中国特色地方试验型法治一体建设模式内在机理的法理阐释和实践观照,能够进一步证成我国法治建设的自主型进路。     

中央与地方关系理论研究的五个视角

本文对20世纪中后期以来国内外主要学者在中央与地方关系的理论研究进行系统的分类,将其归纳为中央与地方关系理论研究的五个视角。     

The role of epistemic communities: local think tanks,international practitioners and security sector reform in Kosovo

ABSTRACT

Security sector reform (SSR) in Kosovo remains complex and challenging. The existing approach is heavily driven by international agencies. This article addresses the question: What role is played by local research in Kosovo’s SSR? This study focuses on the challenges that local research poses to internationally led SSR in Kosovo, and the contribution that local researchers make to the decision-making of international practitioners. In Kosovo, local research organizations produce research analysing and critiquing international SSR and offering alternative approaches. The study builds on existing studies of epistemic communities and research use in policy-making and new evidence based on the author’s interview survey of researchers and policy-makers in Kosovo. The article argues that focusing on the interaction between local researchers and international policy practitioners provides valuable insight into the construction of Kosovo’s SSR. The study deconstructs the structures, processes and agencies at the heart of the local/international relationship. It explains how local research on topics of security, justice and rule of law, and its interaction with international practitioners, challenges international SSR and contributes to international SSR decision-making.