经济转轨 政府定位与“新的法律秩序”

新中国成立初期,我国提出了优先发展重工业的“赶超战略”,相应地形成了高度集中的计划经济体制。由于计划经济缺乏市场经济那种优越的信息机制和强大的动力机制,使得经济系统效率低下,整个社会缺乏活力,于是在20世纪70年代末80年代初,我国发起了市场取向的改革。从计划经济体制向市场经济体制转轨的过程,其实也是政府职能转变的过程。政府能否实现从过去的无限、低效政府向有限、高效政府转变是改革能不能取得成功,“好的市场经济”能不能最终确立的关键。为此,政府要科学设计改革方案,增强自身改革的动力;尤为重要的是要积极推进“新的法律秩序”的形成。     

关于根本违约及其与大陆法系相关违约形态的比较研究和思考

根本违约是1980年《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》中正式确立的一种违约形式,通过分析其与英美法系违约形态的渊源,指出它有一个从依条款的重要性为标准到依后果的严重程度为标准的历史演变过程,并对其与大陆法系的相关违约形态的差异进行了辩证分析。     

试论市场规制法与行政法的关系

市场规制法是实体法和具体行政程序法的结合 ,市场规制法以公法为主 ,兼有公私法融合的特点 ,其私权救济部分通过民事诉讼实施 ,其刑事制裁部分除独立性的散在立法外已归入刑法典 ,均通过刑事诉讼实施 ,而其基本的实施方法则是行政和行政诉讼。     

浅谈和谐社会中的市场规制法

社会主义市场经济在和谐社会中应该是民主与法制的和谐经济,市场规制法对和谐经济的形成具有重要的保障作用。构建和谐社会以及和谐经济对市场规制法的提出了客观要求,在构建和谐社会、市场经济过程中,市场规制法。应兼顾整体经济与局部经济平衡发展,把农村市场作为新重点,把实现市场经济的稳定与发展作为最终目标。     

论社会主义市场经济中的剩余价值范畴及其新的社会形式

社会主义市场经济是市场经济与社会主义生产关系的统一。作为市场经济 ,就必然存在剩余价值 ;作为社会主义市场经济 ,就必然存在社会主义剩余价值 ,可将其命名为“公共需要价值”。社会主义市场经济是市场经济的新的社会形式 ,因而公共需要价值就是剩余价值的新的社会形式。     

从监督制度缺失看甲午海战失败的原因

1894年中日甲午海战造成中国北洋水师全军覆没,军事上的失败缘于政治上的腐朽。因为清政府的国家管理制度一片混乱,最高统治者行使权力的行为不受任何监督,对最高统治者以下的权力监督制度形同虚设,人事监督制度十分落后,军队管理监督制度失灵是形成甲午海战中国失败的共同原因。     

权利，权力与市场经济

权利与权力是法律文化和法学范畴中最基本最重要的两个词汇。二者关系的变迁构成了法秩序的变化,在市场经济和实行“法治”的转型中的中国社会如何认识二者关系,如何制约公权力,培育私权利成为至关重要的问题。     

Emerging Markets: Preferences,R isks,Performance...

The paper surveys the most important literature on emerging markets and their performance. Emerging market countries are defined here as the countries with low intuitional capacity in general, rather than the countries with particular economic characteristics and per capita income; although the latter is the predominant view in the current literature. The paper places particular importance on the legal system and legal order (compliance) in the transitional economies, stressing the importance of adequate regulation where even more advanced regulatory models, like market regulation, should not be totally excluded. Despite many common characteristics, emerging markets differ significantly one from another and it is very difficult, if really not impossible, to create one ‘general theory of emerging markets’ and its financial behaviour. Finally, the practice in the last decade or so, has proven that emerging markets are somewhat unpredictable and difficult to model.     

A closer look at risk factors for public-private partnerships in Singapore: six case studies

ABSTRACT

Despite its global popularity over the past few decades, the public-private partnership (PPP) has not always led to successful outcomes, due largely to a number of risk factors associated with the projects. To explain how and why PPPs sometimes fail, this study considers the success-failure continuum of Singapore’s recent PPP experience from 2000 to 2019. After taking a critical, close look at the six failed cases, we identify the following latent risk factors: unstable financial capacity during the execution period of a project, force majeure unforeseen problems that arise, a lack of technical and/or financial foresight, poor corporate management (e.g. delays in construction and poor-quality service delivery), and an unfavourable investment environment stemming from the lack of a clear and supportive governance framework. In addition, we find that most risk factors tend to appear during the contract management (pre-operation) and project management (operation) phases. Such risks seem to drive the operational failure and subsequent contract termination of multiple unsuccessful PPPs, simultaneously (and sometimes sequentially) rather than in isolated fashion. All in all, this study offers for policymakers that better risk allocation and proper, mutual coordination between the public and private partners represent essential factors for PPP success.