德国综合安全观：理论缘起、历史演进与实践评估

德国首份《国家安全战略》以“综合安全”为要义,具有理论逻辑和历史脉络可循。德国综合安全观兴起于冷战后,其内在逻辑是对欧洲主义安全观的继承性发展,聚焦两极秩序瓦解后的经济与社会秩序稳定以及应对域外冲突,注重非传统安全,安全参与者包含国家与非国家行为体。克里米亚危机后,传统军事威胁回归欧陆,德国综合安全观“防御性”与“韧性”融合并重。俄乌冲突冲击欧洲安全秩序,德国综合安全观愈发重视国家与联盟防御,并通过“多元化”与“联盟政治”等手段推进“去风险”策略,增强经济与社会韧性,同时也呈现出泛安全化、价值观化与权力政治的特质,其影响力辐射至“印太”地区与对华政策上。然而,德国综合安全政策实践仍面临诸多挑战。防御上,德国提升国防的政治承诺与其军事资源尚不匹配。韧性上,德国“去风险”策略受国际权力对比变化、中国市场红利、德国政界与商界意见的异质性以及德国国内经济成本的制约。为此,中国应客观看待德国安全政策转型的影响。     

Globalization and regulatory change: The interplay of laws and technologies in E-commerce in Southeast Asia

Electronic commerce has brought about business and technological changes globally, and these global changes have given rise to major legal reforms across nations. In the fast-changing global digital economy, states need strategies to maintain competitiveness of their markets while simultaneously ensuring the secure and effective use of technologies involved in conducting electronic transactions. This paper examines how the use and recognition of electronic signatures are regulated in Southeast Asia – the region that has shown the most significant growth in global e-commerce in past few years. Based on a comparative analysis of the laws of four representative ASEAN member states – namely Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, and Vietnam, this paper argues that there is a regional trend towards adopting more liberal and technology-neutral standards for electronic signatures. Electronic signature regulation in Southeast Asia is now built upon limited technological neutrality (or the so-called “two-tiered” approach) as a shared regulatory understanding, but this approach is operationalized differently in each state due to distinctive national contexts. Within the common legal framework, each state has developed its own system of control and management with respect to higher-level signatures (using advanced technologies). The principle of technological neutrality, a concept originally developed for the regulation of technologies in response to the liberalization of telecommunications market, has been the central theme of discussions on the e-transactions policy-making scene. As the author shows, in the process through which states localize the global standards of technological neutrality, ASEAN as a vehicle of regulatory change has played an essential role in translating this principle to the national context.     

Surveillance and identity management: Migrant perspectives on UK Biometric Residence Permits

The identity card for foreign nationals - now known as the Biometric Residence Permit (BRP) - was first introduced in November 2008. Following the May 2010 UK general election, the newly formed Conservative-Liberal Democrat Coalition government announced that the scheme would not be extended to UK citizens. To date, over 300,000 BRPs have been issued to UK foreign nationals - a group of non-EEA migrants that include international students, visiting scholars and entrepreneurs. In this paper, we draw on findings from interviews conducted with policymakers, advocacy groups, Higher Education administrators and foreign nationals - between March and December 2010 - to highlight some policy issues arising from the continued roll-out of the BRPs to this migrant group. We conclude by arguing that, although interviewees raised few objections to the BRPs in principle, cardholders were concerned about being unfairly ‘targeted’ for additional surveillance and remained unclear about the true purpose of the BRP. We identify a number of areas for further policy development.     

解放初期国民经济的恢复与发展——以沿河县1950年至1953年为例

1950年至1953年,沿河县委和县政府在参加抗美援朝的同时,完成清匪、反霸、减租、退押、秋征等五大任务,进行土地改革和镇压反革命运动,迅速恢复了解放前夕遭到严重破坏的国民经济,为从新民主主义转向社会主义奠定了良好的基础。     

“满铁”对华经济掠夺问题新探

南满洲铁道株式会社对中国的经济掠夺,是以股份公司的形式作为伪装,执行日本帝国主义侵略掠夺中国的对外政策。＂满铁＂依靠特权建立起一个超乎中国主权和法律之上的＂满铁王国＂,构成了日本国家资本为主导,日本产业托拉斯和中小私人资本为辅助的经济体系。＂满铁＂通过这套经济体系,利用显性和隐性两种方式对我国进行经济掠夺、政治扩张、文化渗透,对中国的经济结构和民族工业造成了异常严重的破坏。     

Au Revoir to “Sacred Cows”? Assessing the Impact of the Nouvelle Droite in Britain

This article assesses the impact of the Nouvelle Droite on the extreme right in contemporary Britain. Occupying a central focus is the role of Scorpion magazine, edited by Michael Walker. The author examines the promotion of the Nouvelle Droite by Scorpion, and in particular Walker's attempts to encourage the British far right to bury two of its “sacred cows”: conspiracy theory and biological racism. He then identifies how Nouvelle Droite thought influenced the ideology and discourse of the 1980s National Front, before moving on to discuss its impact on Nick Griffin's recent attempts to modernize the ideology of the British National Party.     

Barbárie: literatura e filosofia moral

The view of the barbarity is a theme that has been inexhaustible due to the constant human ability of reinventing the horror’s dimensions. However, if analyzed through the political philosophy, this is a theme that requires continuous rereadings in order to prevent the risk of reactualization of the horror in the contemporary world’s roll of concerns. The horror’s reactualization in this context would be assisted by the weakness that is currently happening at the democratic institutions as a result of virulent denouncing criticisms that expose its infirmity, often deservedly. We believe that the barbarity is unembraceable and unapproachable in its integrality if seen through one single angle. Therefore, our purpose in this text is supporting the continuous process of reflecting about this theme through the possible conjunctive approximation of literature (Jünger and the survival’s literature) and political philosophy (Schmitt and his critics).     

坚定不移高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜

中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜具有完整而科学的内涵。旗帜是政治方向,道路是实现途径,理论体系是行动指南,制度是根本保障。     

信息网络时代国防生思想政治教育新探

当今社会处于信息网络时代,在此时代背景之下,信息网络正对人们的工作、学习、生活、思维等生存方式的方方面面产生着广泛而深刻的影响,它必然也会对国防生思想政治教育产生一定的影响。其中,国防生的心里动态、思想信念、政治理想受到的影响尤为明显。针对新情况、新问题,探寻出新的思想政治教育对策,就显得十分迫切与重要。     

我国刑事赔偿制度的完善

刑事赔偿是对公民权利进行救济的最后屏障,在归责原则上经历了过错原则到无过错原则的演进,体现了对国家责任的认可.我国已经颁布了统一的《国家赔偿法》,侵犯人身权之刑事赔偿得以广泛关注,但侵犯财产权之刑事赔偿尚存在诸多问题,在财产权被宪法确认为公民的一项基本权利后,完善我国刑事赔偿势在必行.刑事赔偿制度既包括对实体性要件的界定,如刑事赔偿参与主体、赔偿范围、赔偿标准和方式;也包括程序性规范的具体设计,即狭义的刑事赔偿程序和追偿程序.