对危险驾驶罪罪名的一点质疑———兼论罪名确定的原则

刑法修正案（八）将追逐竞驶和醉酒驾驶行为进行犯罪化处理后，最高司法机关将两种行为的罪名规定为危险驾驶罪。罪名和罪状之间出现“头大身子小”的名不副实现象。罪名和罪状之间应当具有内涵和外延上的匹配性，否则将难以实现罪名的检索功能和预防功能。基于此，在罪名确定的过程中应当坚持两大原则：准确性和简洁性。     

REPORTING CRIME TO THE POLICE, 1973–2005: A MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF LONG-TERM TRENDS IN THE NATIONAL CRIME SURVEY (NCS) AND NATIONAL CRIME VICTIMIZATION SURVEY (NCVS)*

Although many efforts have been made during the past several decades to increase the reporting of crime to the police, we know little about the nature of long-term crime-reporting trends. Most research in this area has been limited to specific crime types (e.g., sexual assault), or it has not taken into account possible changes in the characteristics of incidents associated with police notification. In this article, we advance knowledge about long-term trends in the reporting of crime to the police by using data from the National Crime Survey (NCS) and the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) and methods that take into account possible changes in the factors that affect reporting at the individual and incident level as well as changes in survey methodology. Using data from 1973 to 2005, our findings show that significant increases have occurred in the likelihood of police notification for sexual assault crimes as well as for other forms of assault and that these increases were observed for violence against women and violence against men, stranger and nonstranger violence, as well as crimes experienced by members of different racial and ethnic groups. The reporting of property victimization (i.e., motor vehicle theft, burglary, and larceny) also increased across time. Overall, observed increases in crime reporting account for about half of the divergence between the NCVS and the Uniform Crime Reporting Program (UCR) in the estimated magnitude of the 1990s crime decline—a result that highlights the need to corroborate findings about crime trends from multiple data sources.     

Diversity,identity, and the indeterminacy of the size of nations

Recently economists have explored the impact of ethnic and social diversity on nation size and on the relative efficacy of the production of private and public goods. In a neoclassical framework with perfect and complete information, diversity increases the costs of government, and both the size of government and of the nation are limited. The paper proposes an alternative evolutionary framework building on the economics of identity. With imperfect and incomplete information, the relation between nation size and diversity is indeterminate, because heterogeneity plays an important role for the coordination among actors, and because political organization is crucial for the endogenous formation of preferences.      

学习贯彻十七大精神 全面落实依法治国方略

党的十七大在新的历史起点提出“全面落实依法治国基本方略，加快建设社会主义法治国家”的治国理念，标志着中国民主法治的深化，更是党日臻成熟的执政能力的体现。同时，依法治国方略在确立法治理念、坚持依法执政、完善法律体系、推进依法行政、保障司法公正、加强严格执法、建设法治社会等各个方面都提出具体要求。本文结合学习十七大精神，分析全面落实依法治国基本方略的重要性及其内涵，研究全面落实依法治国基本方略。     

Not‐for‐Profit Advocacy: Challenging Policy Images and Pursuing Policy Change

The not‐for‐profit sector has long played an important role in the policy process through encouraging political engagement, policy research and advocacy, and service delivery. This paper examines two not‐for‐profit organizations, National Children's Alliance and National Alliance on Mental Illness, both of which are grassroots organizations formed to radically change public and professional perceptions of their respective issues and reform the way services are offered to those in need. Borrowing from the literature on policy image and agenda setting, we identify the strategies used by these two highly successful not‐for‐profit groups in their efforts to change the system through redefining problems, reframing issues, and securing legislation with the help of policy entrepreneurs and politicians sympathetic to their causes.     

Book Reviews

Inspired by the ecological model of human development and inter-subjectivist perspective of identity formation, the article addresses the complexity of professional interactions and highlights the spectrum of possible reactions of Russian-speaking teachers in Estonia to changes in the domain of language-in-education. The qualitative research demonstrates different models of the teachers’ self-views that are constructed and practiced in the interaction within significant layers identified by the ecological approach and reveals the diversity of the dilemmas teachers as professionals face in their everyday working lives.     

Rights to land and resources in Argentina's Alerces National Park

Alerces National Park, created in 1937 to protect temperate forest ecosystems in Argentina's southern Andes, contains 42 families within its borders. Grazing is the principal livelihood strategy of most park inhabitants. Domesticated animals, however, are not compatible with the conservation objectives of park authorities, who are promoting tourism as a sustainable alternative to livestock. Park inhabitants are less enthusiastic about tourism. They lack a meaningful role in negotiating rights to land and resources, and they have been marginalised from conservation planning. This could be alleviated by titling parts of Alerces National Park to park inhabitants and providing them with shared management responsibilities.     

中国对东亚地区主义观念的转变

本文通过对中国与东盟互动关系的个案分析来解释中国是如何从地区多边机制的“置身其外”到“作用其中”的。中国和东盟双方几次以善意为基础的互动促进了双方的了解和认识,帮助建立了双方新的身份和利益。最终双方都习得了关于东亚地区主义的新观念,共同努力促进东亚一体化的发展。     

Intimate Partner Violence Victim and Perpetrator Characteristics Among Couples in the United States

This paper describes the characteristics (sociodemographic, drinking and selected psychological attributes) of victims, perpetrators and those who engage in mutual intimate partner violence (IPV) among couples in the U.S. Subjects constitute a multistage area probability sample representative of married and cohabiting couples from the 48 contiguous United States. Results indicate that age is the only variable that appears to have a consistent effect for men and women and across violence-related statuses: Older individuals are less likely to be victims, perpetrators and less likely to be involved in mutually violent relationships. Other variables such as ethnicity, marital status, drinking, impulsivity, depression and powerlessness are either gender or status-specific in their ability to predict victimization, perpetration or victimization/perpetration. Overall, those involved in violent relationships do not appear to be very different from those not involved in violent relationships. The most likely reason for lack of this difference is the nature of IPV in general population samples, which is in most cases moderate. Work on this paper was supported by a grant (R37-AA10908) from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism to the University of Texas School of Public Health.     

论消费文化对青少年自我认同的影响——对“圣诞节为何能在中国悄然兴起”的另一种思考

90年代初美国一本专门从事中国研究的杂志说：“在中国面临的各种危机中，最核心的危机（the core crisis）是自性危机（identity crisis）”，这个identity crisis其实就是我们必须面对的“认同危机”。作为中国面临的核心危机是一个极为沉重的话题，本文以“北大清华十名博士联名抵制圣诞节”为契机，谈一下消费文化对青少年自我认同的影响和冲击。