China's Politics and Bilateral Trade Linkages

Abstract

China's position in the world economy during the past half-century provides vital information for investigating the relation between politics and trade. Although there is a substantial number of studies in this area, the current study extends the literature in at least three ways: (1) it is one of the first studies that investigates the problem of a potential sample selection bias—as a result of the fact that countries taken up in the analysis are not randomly sampled from all countries in the world; (2) it considers third-country effects that follow from the fact that China's relation with any two countries is affected by the relation between these countries themselves; and (3) it tests the impact of five political arrangements simultaneously, which is more comprehensive than any former study. By using data as to 78 of China's trade partners over the 1950–2002 period, this study provides empirical evidence for the hypotheses that the establishment of diplomatic relations, cooperation, visits of heads of states and political system similarity are associated with greater trade flows. The hypothesis that member countries of a Preferential Trading Agreement have had smaller trade flows with China, which is no member of any of these Preferential Trading Agreements, is not supported by the results.     

我国金融控股公司的关联交易及其法律规制

我国金融控股公司关联交易行为的危害性在经济实践中主要表现为:它极大地损害了其内部从属股东和少数股东的利益,导致国有资产的大量流失,为避税行为提供了空间,损害国家的经济利益,并容易导致金融泡沫,造成虚假繁荣的局面,从而诱发金融风险,危及整个金融业的稳定。然而在立法上,我国对关联交易的规定虽有所涉及,但却明显不足,很不健全。构建我国金融控股公司关联交易的法律规范体系迫在眉睫。     

宗教文化与社会稳定

宗教文化对社会稳定具有其独特的功能与作用。宗教文化在社会稳定中的功能主要表现为世界观功能、补偿功能、调节功能与整合功能四种。宗教文化通过宗教信仰与宗教道德的感召力与威慑作用促进社会秩序的稳定,同时宗教文化又因其自身的禁欲主义、排他性、单向度权利义务特征、以及欺骗性而成为动摇社会稳定的一大渊薮。     

“双刃剑”:负面新闻传播的政治效应

新闻传播与社会政治运行关系密切,特别是负面新闻的传播对政治的影响更为显著,它既可以发挥稳定政治并促进其发展的积极效应,如促进政策法规完善、整合力量化解危机、监督社会引导国民、宣泄民意舒缓矛盾;也可以产生影响政治阻碍其运行的消极作用,如造成社会盲动、引发错误思潮、腐蚀政治关系。新闻工作者所进行的传播活动都是为人民大众、为国家建设服务的,在负面新闻的传播过程中,应努力做到及时公开、真实报道、科学传播以及数量掌控,发挥其正面效应,保障社会政治的健康运行。     

医患关系与消费者-经营者关系:揭开争论的面纱

本文针对争论多年的医患关系是否是消费者-经营者关系的问题,以现行法为依据展开讨论。文章首先讨论了"医患关系"和"消费者-经营者关系"的法律含义,以确定这两个范畴间是否存在交集;接着列举并系统地辨析了持肯定观点者和持否定观点者各自的论据。之后,文章探讨了若患者是消费者,将会对患者的权利和医疗机构的义务和法律责任造成的影响;最后从法律政策的角度分析法律是否应当认可患者的消费者地位。     

韩国人对华负面认知与中国对韩公共外交途径

中韩两国关系自建交以来在许多方面取得了飞速发展,但近些年,两国关系由"暖"变"冷",原因是多方面的,其中韩国人对中国形象的负面认知,产生了很大的负面影响。对此,我们不能视而不见或避而不谈,而应积极加强对韩公共外交,促进两国友好关系顺利发展。韩国是中国的重要邻国,中韩两国关系良好发展的意义不仅局限在两国关系上,它对于改善东北亚地区的安全局势也具有不可忽视的作用。本文主要就韩国人对中国形象的负面认知及其对中韩关系所起的负面影响作用以及应对之策,做简要分析和探讨。     

省内转移支付均等化效应研究——政府间财政分配行为的视角

政府间财政分配行为的差异是影响省内转移支付均等化效应大小的重要因素。论文通过"中央对省的支持力度"、"省内的收入集权程度"、"省市对县的转移支付倾斜幅度"以及"省内县际间转移支付横向分配的均等化取向"4个变量维度对政府间财政分配行为进行组合,得到中间层级政府财政分配行为的8种模式。同时,对各种行为模式下的省内转移支付均等化效应进行预测,且通过了2004年以2000多个县的数据为基础的实证检验,从而解释了不同政府间财政分配行为模式下转移支付均等化效应的作用机理。在此基础上,结论部分探讨了中间层级政府应当如何在"增长"和"均等"之间进行权衡。     

网络舆论危机与“五重效应”化解

政府网络舆论危机既是引发政府公信力危机的＂催化剂＂,又是化解危机的＂灭火器＂。面对网络舆论,政府部门应发挥避雷针效应,做好积极引导;打破屏蔽效应,树立公开透明形象;重视首因效应,做好事件首次应对;克服激将效应,提高新闻发布水平;避免蝴蝶效应,及时迅捷处理问题。     

Deviant identity,negative self-feelings,and decreases in deviant behavior: The moderating influence of conventional social bonding

Abstract

Informed by Kaplan's general theory of deviant behavior it was hypothesized that adolescents characterized by deviant identities who developed negative self-feelings would decrease deviant behavior over time if the youths were bonded to the conventional social order but not if the youths were not bonded to the conventional social order. For adolescents not characterized by deviant identities, the development of negative self-feelings would increase deviant behavior over time regardless of the level of conventional social bonding.

The hypotheses were explored using data from youth (n=1019) tested during early adolescence and re-tested 3 years later. Ordinary least square regression models estimated the effects of negative self-feelings on later deviant behaviors controlling for earlier deviant behavior, gender, race/ethnicity, and father's education. The model was estimated separately for each of four subgroups: deviant identity/high social bonding; deviant identity/low social bonding; non-deviant identity/high social bonding; and non-deviant identity/low social bonding.

As hypothesized, negative self-feelings anticipated significant decreases in deviant behavior for the deviant identity/high social bonding group, but were unrelated to deviant behavior in the deviant identity/low social bonding group; and negative self-feelings anticipated increased deviant behavior in the two non-deviant identity groups regardless of the level of social bonding.