Negative personalization and voting behavior in 14 parliamentary democracies, 1961–2018

Existing research has begun to tackle the electoral consequences of affective polarization through the lens of negative partisanship. However, not equal attention has been paid to voters’ polarized opinions toward political leaders and their impact on electoral behavior. This paper offers a comparative, longitudinal assessment of the relationship between negativity towards party leaders and vote choice in multi-party systems. We develop our negative personalization hypothesis and test it empirically on an original pooled dataset featuring 109 national election surveys from 14 Western European parliamentary democracies collected over the last six decades. Our findings confirm the existence of a robust relationship between negative party-leader evaluations and vote choice. Furthermore, the results demonstrate a sizable growth in the incidence of negative personalization across time, now of a magnitude that compares to that exerted by in-party-leader evaluations. This finding constitutes a central innovation adding to the personalization of politics literature.     

韩国金融账户自由化的经济效应研究

伴随着国际金融一体化的发展,金融账户自由化成为大势所趋。考察韩国金融账户自由化政策的演变历程以及金融账户的变动情况,可以对其金融账户自由化的经济效应及机制进行实证研究。     

Overreporting Voting: Campaign Media,Public Mood,and the Vote

This study used regional telephone survey data collected after the 1996 U.S. presidential election to examine how two possibly important affective variables public mood and political cynicism predict actual as compared with self-reported voting. Public mood, a construct introduced by Rahn, Kroeger, and Kite (1996) to suggest how affective processes may play a role in political behavior, is shown to have two distinct but positively correlated dimensions, one positive and one negative. After demographic variables were controlled, perceived media usefulness predicted positive mood about the presidential election, which in turn predicted self-reported voting. Negative campaign attitude predicted negative mood, which, in turn, influenced actual but not self-reported voting. Political cynicism, although correlated with both positive and negative public mood, predicted neither measure of voting. The bifurcation of influence of negative and positive public mood about elections may explain why researchers have often shown positive affect to influence voting (as measured by self-report), and why political consultants have continued to rely on negative campaigning and the reported increases in negative feelings it engenders in voters to influence actual votes.     

A Review of: “Israeli and Palestinian Postcards: Presentations of National Self”

Recent studies suggest that what the political talk radio hosts say on the air can shape the political orientations of their audiences. Drawing on data from a panel survey conducted in 1996, I examined the "Limbaugh effect" during the GOP presidential nomination campaign. My findings cast doubt on popular assumptions about the power of Limbaugh's words. Despite weeks of listening to Limbaugh criticize Pat Buchanan, members of the audience were no more likely to harbor negative feelings toward the candidate than were nonlisteners.     

信息文化与和谐社会构建探析

和谐的信息文化是构建和谐社会的重要基础工作。通过对信息文化特点、信息文化与现实社会的关系、信息文化对构建和谐社会的负面影响、和谐社会中构建和谐信息文化的对策的研究,深化人们对信息文化与和谐社会关系的认识,推动和谐社会的构建。     

Beschattungsverbot und Überhangrecht

Dass unzumutbarer Entzug von Licht und Luft durch Pflanzen auf fremdem Grund – also eine "negative" Immission – nunmehr nach § 364 Abs 3 ABGB untersagt werden kann, veranlasst den 4. Senat des OGH in der E 4 Ob 196/07p, zur Vermeidung von Wertungswidersprüchen dem Nachbarn auch einen Unterlassungsanspruch gegen unzumutbare Auswirkungen überh?ngender Pflanzen zu gew?hren. Aus der Sicht des Autors sollte eine derart einschneidende ?nderung der überhangregeln des § 422 ABGB dagegen dem Gesetzgeber vorbehalten bleiben. Die Entscheidung signalisiert aber, dass die Reform des Nachbarrechts nicht in allen ihren Auswirkungen auf das nachbarrechtliche Gesamtsystem hinl?nglich durchdacht wurde; zur Harmonisierung k?nnte es weiterer ?nderungen oder aber einer (teilweisen) Rücknahme der Neuregelung bedürfen.     

当代市场经济运行的信用经济本质剖析——美国"次贷"危机引发的经济学暨政策思考之一

美国"次贷"危机爆发深刻揭示了当代市场经济运行中的金融本质特征之一是高度发达的信用经济。负债运行是当代市场经济中微观主体的常态,是社会经济正常运转的必要前提与制约保障。信用经济本质上是债权债务经济,并具有正负"双重"效应。信用经济的核心功能是以时间交错、空间重组的方式极大限度地将现有的暂时闲置的社会资源动员起来,使原有的经济实体规模在本不可能的基础上得以扩张;但这种经济的运行一旦在某个环节出现断裂并引发环环相扣的整体信用关系功能性断裂时,就会引发整个社会经济的连锁反应,使其原来对社会经济的加速度推动作用反方向运行,并由此产生对社会经济的加速度的破坏张力。发挥信用经济正效应,抑制负效应,需要遵循信用经济运行的基本平衡公式,保障信用经济运行的基本约束条件,即债务人的受信在数量、质量、时间上与债权人的授信相平衡,并以此构建监管体系。     

日本促进女性就业的经验对我国的借鉴

女性就业,不仅是一个经济问题,更是一个社会问题。日本促进女性就业的经验值得我们借鉴。建立完善的法律和政策能使女性拥有公平的就业起点;调整产业结构,促使经济稳定发展,是保证女性就业的基础和前提;实行弹性工作制,能够使更多的女性实现就业;加强就业指导和培训,推进社会环境建设,有助于失业女性自我谋业和自主创业。     

论公私法互动影响下海员外派机构的法律定位——以上海自贸区负面清单为视角

2014版上海自贸区负面清单不仅未明确海员外派机构的法律定位,反而令其面目更为模糊,外资准入多轨制问题也悬而未决.在厘清劳务类条约、经贸类条约和中国国内法框架下海员外派法律制度的基础上对公私法规则互动影响下海员外派机构的权利义务和主体资质问题进行研究.提出应注意到中国加入的不同性质国际条约间的相互影响,抓住契机解决国际条约在自贸区内的适用问题,从而在理顺各层次法规关系的前提下对负面清单下海员外派机构的法律地位作出明确规定.     

芪玉三龙汤调节小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞M2/M1型极化及其对CD4+、CD8+T细胞的影响

目的 探讨芪玉三龙汤在体外条件下对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞M2/M1型极化的调控作用及其对CD4+T、CD8+T细胞的影响。方法 分离培养小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,并通过流式细胞术（PE-CD11b/和FITC-F4/80染色）鉴定其纯度。采用白细胞介素（interleukin,IL)-4刺激小鼠腹腔来源的巨噬细胞构建M2型巨噬细胞模型,芪玉三龙汤处理M2型巨噬细胞,分别于不同时间点应用流式细胞术检测细胞表面膜分子CD16/32、CD206、CD155、PD-L1、Galectin-9的表达水平;qRT-PCR检测诱导型一氧化氮合酶（inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS）、IL-12p40、IL-1β、精氨酸酶1（arginase1,Arg1）、FIZZ1、IL-10 mRNA的表达水平。采用芪玉三龙汤处理后的M2型巨噬细胞分别与CD4+、CD8+T细胞体外共培养,流式细胞术检测TIGIT的表达水平。结果 成功分离出小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,并鉴定其纯度高达89.8%。芪玉三龙汤处理M2型巨噬细胞后,细胞表面膜分子CD16/32的表达水平升高,而CD206表达水平降低;处理24 h后细胞iNOS、IL-12p40及IL-1β mRNA表达水平上升,Arg-1、FIZZ-1、IL-10 mRNA表达水平降低;处理24 h后细胞表面CD155、PD-L1、Galectin-9表达水平降低。经芪玉三龙汤处理的M2型巨噬细胞分别与CD4+、CD8+T淋巴细胞共培养后,CD4+、CD8+T细胞表面TIGIT的表达受到明显抑制。结论 芪玉三龙汤能够诱导小鼠腹腔M2型巨噬细胞向M1型极化,并且极化后的细胞能够抑制T细胞负性调节分子的表达。