海外华商网络在广东"走出去"战略中的功能与作用

广东企业"走出去"是发展外向型经济和实现自身经济可持续发展的必然选择.近年来,广东企业"走出去"已经取得一定的成效,但同时又存在一系列突出的问题.这些问题导致海外企业未能顺利实现其经济效益,进而影响广东实施"走出去"战略的效果.鉴于海外华人经济的特性,本文分析了华商网络在广东实施"走出去"战略中的功能与作用,并在此基础上提出几点利用华商网络的建议,以服务于广东的"走出去"战略进程.     

Governance of Education in the United Kingdom: Convergence or Divergence?

Abstract

This article considers how structures and processes of governance in education have changed in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland over recent years, setting this discussion within the context of debates about the nature of governance and governing in public services more generally. It is argued, firstly, that governance needs to be considered as a comprehensive concept that encompasses both the role of the state and the range of other actors and processes through which educational provision is steered; and secondly, that governance is essentially about power: its distribution and its use. The article draws on these key ideas to explore the similarities and differences between the experiences of the four constituent jurisdictions of the United Kingdom over recent years. It considers whether the approaches in the jurisdictions are converging or diverging, the reasons underlying this, and prospects for the future. It is concluded that, while national histories and cultures have served to maintain very distinctive governance identities among the jurisdictions, international trends, and the ways in which governments respond to these, are putting these identities under considerable pressure.     

Assessing the leadership transition in North Korea: Using network analysis of field inspections, 1997–2012

This paper examines changes in the in the composition of the North Korean elite from 1997 to 2012, a particularly tumultuous period in the history of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK). Specifically, the paper assesses the changing composition of the leadership networks around both Kim Jong Il and Kim Jong Un, using data from the entourages that accompanied the great leaders on their “on the spot guidance” inspection tours. The paper finds that there have been significant changes in the leadership elite since the succession of Kim Jong Un. The paper offers some observations regarding the implications these changes have on the receptivity of the regime to a normalization of relations with the West and future economic and political reform.     

Understanding democratic governance: practical trends and theoretical puzzles

In line with the major philosophical (epistemological) transition in the social sciences from developmental historicism to modernist social science, there have been significant intellectual shifts in academic fields related to politics, state, and administration. More specifically, based on the modernist social science foundation, there has emerged the so-called ‘new governance’ encapsulating diverse neoliberal labels, theories, and models—including reinvention, new public management, networked governance, rational choice, and new institutionalism—which have serious adverse implications for democracy. These are some of the central arguments and claims made by Mark Bevir in his Democratic Governance. This article critically examines these claims and offers alternative viewpoints, especially regarding the controversial nexus between epistemology, theory, governance, and democracy.     

基于网络药理学和分子对接技术探究脑络欣通治疗缺血性脑卒中的机制

目的 采用网络药理学方法探究益气活血方脑络欣通治疗缺血性脑卒中（ischemic stroke,IS）的作用机制,并通过分子对接技术进行初步验证。方法 通过TCMSP、ETCM、化学专业数据库及文献筛选脑络欣通活性成分及作用靶点,通过OMIM、DisGeNET、GeneCards以及Drugbank数据库挖掘IS相关靶点;将交集靶点导入STRING平台和Cytoscape 3.8.2软件构建PPI网络并通过拓扑分析获得核心靶点,同时构建“中药—活性成分—核心靶点—疾病”可视化网络图;运用R软件进行GO功能及KEGG通路富集分析。最后借助Auto Dock Tools软件以及PyMOL软件进行分子对接和可视化。结果 脑络欣通的潜在活性成分78个,治疗IS的潜在作用靶点200个,核心靶点包括STAT3、JUN、MAPK1、TP53等;作用较突出的活性成分包括槲皮素、β-谷甾醇、山柰酚、木犀草素等。进一步的生物功能分析获得150条信号通路,包括PI3K-AKT信号通路、HIF-1信号通路、FoxO信号通路等关键通路。分子对接结果表明关键活性成分与核心靶点之间存在分子结合位点,并有较强的结合活性。结论 益气活血方脑络欣通可能是通过多成分、多靶点协同作用于氧化应激、炎症反应、细胞凋亡、自噬等生理病理环节,从而发挥治疗IS的作用。     

难民问题治理上的各相关行为体分析——对缅甸罗兴伽难民的个案研究

本文分析在孟加拉国的缅甸罗兴伽(Rohingya)难民问题的形成,以及在难民保护、援助和难民问题治理过程中各个国家、国际组织、地区组织、国际非政府组织等各相关行为体的角色和作用,并通过进一步探讨认为,罗兴伽难民问题需要东盟组织通过创建新的地区难民问题治理机制来解决。     

科层制属性和公共部门绩效:东南欧地区比较研究

行政合理化程度、经济增长率和公共部门绩效之间的相互作用,至少对于东南欧国家来说,目前仍然是研究不足的代表性领域之一。它从本质上预先假定国家行政管理中的科层属性具有经济上的影响,这种科层结构在行政集中和动态性方面或多或少近似于韦伯行政结构。截至20世纪末,该领域的文献已经对这一主题进行了综合性研究,分析了超过全球35个国家的情形。但是东南欧各国没有包含在这些研究中。在此背景下,论文旨在对东南欧各国,尤其是巴尔干地区国家进行理论和实证研究的比较,以确定科层制属性、经济增长和治理绩效之间的相互关系。这一研究方法——"经济性科层制分析"适应于论文的研究目标,并且由"竞争性工资、内部晋升和职业稳定性、功绩性聘任"组成,其内容建立在韦伯的行政合理化原则基础之上的。论文的社会学调查在4个东南欧洲国家进行:罗马尼亚、希腊、保加利亚和克罗地亚,这4个国家是从125个相关样本中选取的,基于的标准是以上提到的国家在中央政府层面上严格的代表性水平。     

Networks of organised black market labour in the building trade

The building industry is a sector characterised by a large number of opportunities to commit economic crime. In Sweden, the level of tax avoidance in the building trade is estimated to be substantial, and the use of black market labour extensive. This article focuses on the organised use of black market labour in the building industry, which may be described as a form of both economic and organised crime. To date only a very small number of criminological studies have examined the use of black market labour in this sector of the economy. The article focuses on two of the central roles found in the context of organised, black market labour: the “fixer” and the “criminal entrepreneur”. The fixer is an individual with expertise in the methods of economic crime. The criminal entrepreneur acts first and foremost as a link between a client and the manpower required by this client. In this paper, fixers and criminal entrepreneurs are studied on the basis of data from the Swedish Register of Suspected Offenders. The analysis shows that the networks of fixers and criminal entrepreneurs overlap one another to some extent. There are nonetheless a number of differences between the two groups and also between their respective networks. The networks of the fixers are larger than those of the criminal entrepreneurs, and the individuals that comprise the fixers’ networks are suspected in connection with much larger numbers of offences. The fixers more often commit offences together with others and also have larger numbers of suspected co-offenders than the criminal entrepreneurs. On the other hand, the criminal entrepreneurs are suspected of having maintained their ties to suspected co-offenders for longer periods of time than the fixers. The fixers appear to specialise in fraud and forgery offences, whereas motoring offences, smuggling and drug offences are more common among the criminal entrepreneurs. The networks are highly male-dominated and on balance they are comprised of much older individuals than those of traditional offenders. Many of the fixers and criminal entrepreneurs are suspected of committing offences with the same co-offender for a long period of time. Further out in the networks, co-offenders are replaced more often. Tax offences are very common in both types of network, both in those parts of the network that are close to the fixers and criminal entrepreneurs, and also in more distant parts of the networks. In the more distant parts of the networks, there is also an increase in the proportion of offences that individual network members are suspected of committing. Judging from the material examined in the current study, violent offences do not appear to be very common among either fixers or criminal entrepreneurs. The networks examined are largely comprised of individuals suspected of economic offences. These individuals are linked together with one another by means of direct and indirect contacts that produce semi-legal networks of individuals with knowledge of organised black market labour.

政策能力与国家公共治理

最近二三十年以来,由于市场经济放任模式一再出现危机以及失灵现象,国家公共政策能力问题摆到了政府和学者们的面前。政策能力成为当前各国政府关注的热点,也成为学术研究的重点。然而。政策能力并不是孤立的’它与国家能力、行政能力之间存在着内在的关联性。它们之间既存在上下结构关系,又存在着相互的联动关系。这三个方面的能力共同构成了所谓的公共治理能力。不同国家对政策能力自然具有各自的评价标准,更应具有形成这方面能力的支持系统。论文对以上这些复杂的关系做一尝试性的梳理。     

法律-文件共治模式的生成逻辑与规范路径 ——基于四十年教育规范性文件的考察

行政机关或党政机关联合制发规范性文件是行政实践中的现实图景。通过对教育领域的实证考察发现,法律和规范性文件在不同时期呈现不同的互动模式,并在当前改革背景下形成了法律文件共同治理的格局。新时期法律文件共治模式既具有法律位阶理论和功能主义视角下的法理基础,也源于“文件治国”在社会政策变迁中的功能多元化需求,以及行政效能原则下的实践基础。法律文件共治模式在治理实践中的功能发挥,需要以厘清二者内容边界作为前提条件、以二者体系共存的相容性作为价值指引,以及以法律的立改废释与文件的清理备案作为程序保障。