Corporate Governance in Spain (with an Application of the Power Indices Approach)

This paper describes the governance system of Spanish listed firms in the early 1990's. Although the institutional setting of the Spanish Stock Exchanges differs little from other European national markets, we found important differences in several aspects of corporate governance. In particular, some of the standard mechanisms of control (e.g. boards and institutional shareholders) do not play an active role, whereas ownership is relatively concentrated. Moreover, power indices suggest that controlling blocs of large shareholders are very likely to form. We thus conclude that the ownership of shares is a pivotal mechanism in the governance of Spanish corporations.     

西方新城市管理：理论轮廓与反思

近十几年来,公共服务途径经历了重大转型。一个多世纪建立起来的公共服务精神受到了新公共管理理论的挑战。新公共管理理论主要依赖私部门管理实践,强调将竞争引入公共服务领域的重要性。实践中,新公共管理力求将市民(公民)定义为产品的消费者或公共服务提供者的顾客。研究显示,尽管新公共管理运动促进了某些城市服务的改进,但也存在严重局限。主要表现在它不能释放改进公共服务的关键动力———市民和社区能量。作为一个整体,城市领导者与管理者在重塑公共服务改革议程中有着关键作用。作为改进城市治理质量,必须处理3大关键挑战。并将这一途径称为“新城市管理”,以寻求管理变革与地方政治复兴的融合。     

公司社会责任对传统公司理念的继承与发展

传统的公司制度是一种容许和要求公司管理者倾其所能为股东谋取经济利益的制度。而公司社会责任理论则要求公司管理者在为股东谋取经济利益的同时兼顾社会公众利益。表面看公司社会责任理论似乎是对原有公司制度的一种违背和颠覆,其实质是对传统公司理念的一种继承和发展。它为公司制度的存在提供了新的合理性基础。我们主张公司的社会责任并不是从根本上否定公司的营利性,而是认为公司在经营过程中应当顾及利益相关者的合法权益,使这种营利性能够更好地为整个社会服务。     

新经济政策与列宁社会发展理论

务实和创新是列宁社会发展理论的精髓。它在新经济政策中得到了充分的体现。务实创新精神的贯彻,主要表现在列宁对落后国家发展基点、发展道路、发展主体、发展规律及发展动力等问题的深刻认识中。新经济政策在列宁社会发展理论中占据着重要的地位。     

国际法治：全球化时代的秩序构建

当前的全球化需要理性的约束和调整，因而国际法治具有重要的意义。国际法治分为“国际良法”和“全球善治”两个方面，但是当代国际法还远没有达到这两个标准，存在着国际法不成体系、规避国际法、司法体制的选择性、国际立法的导向性、国际行政机关的弊病等多方面的问题。但是人类的目前状态意味着有必要在当前的体系上进行改革和发展，向国际法治的真正实现作出努力。     

刑事政策体系中的民间社会与官方(国家)——一种基于治理理论的场域界分考察

治理理论是当今世界上颇具代表性的新型国家——社会关系架构和公共事务管理模式,也是认识刑事政策体系中民间社会与官方(国家)在犯罪抗制场域界分时的重要分析工具。运用这一工具可以看出,民间社会与官方(国家)在刑事政策体系中存在着专治与共治领域的治理分工。其中,专治领域是国家保有的专属犯罪抗制场域,共治领域则是官方(国家)与民间社会合作抗制犯罪的开放空间。同时,在共治领域中,官方(国家)与民间社会应形成协同支持、国家主导的伙伴关系。     

Governance without a state: Can it work?

In this article we explore how much state is necessary to make governance work. We begin by clarifying concepts of governance and the “shadow of hierarchy” and we follow this clarification with a brief overview of empirical findings on governance research in developed countries. We then discuss the dilemmas for governance in areas of limited statehood, where political institutions are too weak to hierarchically adopt and enforce collectively binding rules. While prospects for effective policymaking appear to be rather bleak in these areas, we argue that governance research has consistently overlooked the existence of functional equivalents to the shadow of hierarchy. We assert that governance with(out) government can work even in the absence of a strong shadow of hierarchy, we identify functional equivalents to the shadow of hierarchy, and we discuss to what extent they can help overcome issues of legitimacy and effectiveness in areas of limited statehood.     

Strengthening Green Global Governance in a Disparate World SocietyWould a World Environment Organisation Benefit the South?

The debate on the advantages and disadvantages of upgrading the United Nations Environment Programme to a 'world environment organisation' (WEO) has gained momentum in both academe and politics. This article contends that a WEO would further the interests especially of developing countries, because it would provide them, first, a high-level forum to unite their individual bargaining power against the major industrialised countries. Second, a WEO would assist Southern efforts to garner international support for environmental programmes in regions and sectors that are increasingly bypassed by economic globalisation. Third, a WEO would create a locus to politically institutionalise the influence of non-governmental lobbyists in a way that increases the balance of opinions and perspectives. The article then addresses special challenges and caveats for developing countries in the upcoming negotiation process, in particular whether an upgraded UNEP would address only 'global' issues, thus absolving the international community from assisting developing countries in mitigating the more pressing local environmental issues in the South; whether the new body would have powerful sanctioning mechanisms, which might disproportionally affect developing countries; and what decision-making procedures the new body would have.     

如何建立健全国有独资公司的法人治理结构

国有独资公司在社会主义市场经济中具有重要作用,但现实运行中其治理结构存在着诸多问题。必须建立和完善以 国资委、董事会、监事会、总经理为中心的公司法人治理结构。设想是:通过增加不同利益主体,实现股权多元化;让利益相关者代 表参与董事会和监事会以实现共同治理;建立董事和监事资格认证制度;设计合理的董事会和监事会成员结构。     

关于建立和完善省管国有企业法人治理结构问题的若干思考

完善的企业法人治理结构是建立现代企业制度的核心和关键。审视省管国有企业建立和完善企业法人治理结构中存在的改制不到位、形改质未改等问题,解决的思路是:产权制度须实行多元化改革,解决一股独大,实现决策民主化;企业运营中国有资产要实行问责制;在选人用人上实行保荐制、票决制、竞争制;董事会、监事会、经理层各司其职,相互制衡,加强对企业全方位的监督,实现国有资产的保值增值。