History writing as agitation and propaganda: the Kazakh history book of 1943

The reconstruction of the Soviet recent past is a controversial issue in the post-Soviet republics. In Kazakhstan, the reconstruction of the past has gradually rehabilitated leading Kazakh communists, such as Zhumabai Shaiakhmetov. One of the main rationales of this rehabilitation is his support for Kazakh historical writing, which resulted in a textbook published in 1943. This work has been seen as an endeavor by ‘patriotic’ Kazakh officials and historians to defend Kazakh national heritage against the ‘Soviet colonial empire’. By presenting a broader view of the war period in Kazakhstan from the archives, this article argues that this history textbook was in fact merely an agitation-propaganda product of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan. Shaiakhmetov and others had mostly secured their career by remaining loyal to the Soviet system during the collectivization, the Great Famine and the Great Terror. Therefore, their encouragement of the publication of a national history in 1943 for propaganda purposes does not qualify them as suitable predecessors of the current generation of Kazakh rulers.     

谈谈中央红军两次过湘江的人员损失

1934年下半年,中央红军两次从广西东北部渡过湘江。两次过湘江给中央红军造成了多大的人员损失,这是学术界一直争论的问题。通过研究,我们认为,红军第一次过湘江损失较小,第二次渡过湘江,中央红军损失约两万人。     

A Comparison of US and Japanese Dental Restorative Care Present on Service Members Recovered from the WWII Era

The documentation of dental materials used in the USA during the WWII era is readily available, while references for the Japanese are minimal. It was therefore important to build a photographic database of Japanese restorative care which could be utilized as a comparison tool for the deployed odontologist. The dental restorative care of approximately 400 US and 100 Japanese sets of remains was evaluated. Both countries share many similar restorative techniques to include collared crowns, full‐coverage restorations, cantilever bridge/pontics to close spaces; restorative materials such as amalgam, gold, and zinc phosphate (temporary) restorations; and removable prostheses. The dental restorative materials most commonly used by US dentists include the amalgam and silicate cement, while the full‐coverage crown was the type of restoration most frequently seen on the Japanese remains. Silicates, porcelain and replaceable crowns, and partial‐coverage prepared crowns were not observed on the recovered Japanese remains.     

Water resources in Central Asia: regional stability or patchy make-up?

This article explores the cooperation after independence on four Central Asian transboundary rivers. The paper shows that, even though the Central Asian states agreed in 1992 to continue with the basic water-sharing principles, new agreements had to be made. New agreements were only made in basins with large-scale water-control infrastructure, which have transboundary significance or are transboundary themselves. The inequitable water allocation between the riparian states has continued and has not triggered new agreements.     

North Korea’s parallel economies: Systemic disaggregation following the Soviet collapse

This article aims to introduce the concept of parallel economies to explain the transformation of North Korea’s command economy during the 1990s. The article summarises North Korea’s pre-1991 command economy, before identifying the collapse of the Soviet Union and the great famine (1994-1998) as causes for the splintering of the old command system into parallel economies—the official, military, illicit, court and entrepreneurial economies—separated from the central planning matrix. It concludes that the existence of parallel economies makes system-wide economic reform unlikely and increases the importance of foreign aid in maintaining the viability of the regime’s political architecture.     

对建设海峡西岸经济区和福州（平潭）综合实验区的一些思考和建议

本文对建设海峡西岸经济区的战略定位提出了“关乎国家核心利益”全新视野的观点,并通过对一般经济区存在的弊端的分析,提出几点忧虑。最后就海峡西岸经济区和福州（平潭）综合实验区的建设和发展提出了一系列的对策和措施建议。     

中央苏区时期党对妇女解放运动的认识与实践

旧中国妇女深受封建制度的束缚和压迫,中央苏区苏维埃政府从实际出发,对妇女所遭受的苦难进行分析,为解放妇女作了不懈努力。虽然在妇女解放运动中有过偏差和失误,但仍然彰显了马克思主义和中国革命实践相结合的基本特点,大大提高了妇女地位,维护了妇女权益,也推动了中央苏区不断壮大。文章针对中央苏区妇女解放的理论、法律和组织保障、婚姻自由和政治参与等四个方面问题进行分析探讨。     

从GDP锦标赛到二元竞争:中国地方政府行为变迁的逻辑——基于1998—2006年中国省级面板数据的实证研究

在中国经济持续30多年高速发展中,地方政府是发展的主要动力,但从上世纪90年代末以来,地方政府在发展经济中所产生的负面效果越来越明显,中央出台了一系列政策去调整和引导地方政府行为,促使地方政府增加社会保障开支以促进社会公平。采用1998—2006年中国省级面板数据进行定量分析以考察地方政府行为的影响因素和变化。研究显示,地方政府在社会保障的财政开支上主要受当地经济发展状况和中央政府的重视程度影响;地方政府在回应中央政府政策调整的过程中,其行为并不同于"晋升锦标赛"所归纳的以GDP增长为主要目标的一元竞争模式,而是演变为在社会公平和经济发展的双重目标下,地方政府分别参与不同目标竞争的二元竞争模式。在既往对中国地方政府行为考察的政治激励和财政激励基础上提出了影响地方政府行为的激励结构、中央与地方的互动关系和地方所处的社会经济情况的分析框架,通过对地方政府行为变化的分析提出二元竞争模式以弥补"GDP晋升锦标赛模式"对地方政府行为解释力的不足。     

试论项英在中央苏区时期的军事贡献

项英在中央苏区担任领导(特别是军委领导)期间做了许多军事方面的工作,如建立军委总政治部、成立红军战史编辑委员会、积极开展扩红运动、确立"八一"建军节、参与领导红军的第五次反"围剿"、领导南方三年游击战争。他对人民军队的建设,对苏区武装斗争的开展,都起到了积极作用。尽管项英受"左"的影响,在军事领导方面出现过失误,但他仍是中央苏区时期作出较大军事贡献的重要领导人。     

全面小康：赣南等原中央苏区的差距与振兴对策

以赣南为核心的原中央苏区的经济社会发展落后状态在全国革命老区和集中连片贫困山区很有代表性。全力推动赣南等原中央苏区加速奔小康步伐,其影响和示范作用无法估量。中央已经把振兴赣南等原中央苏区上升为国家战略,除了将加大人力物力财力的直接投入之外,更重要的是将执行西部大开发大政策组合的投入,比如财政与税收政策、金融与投资政策、人才开发与科教文化政策、产业政策、生态补偿政策、对口支援政策等等方面。赣南等原中央苏区各级党委、政府要抓住历史性机遇,继续发扬苏区精神和苏区干部好作风,抓紧编制省、县（区）具体实施规划,努力在体制机制改革上,大胆先行先试,催生老区经济社会发展的内生动力,增强老区的自身造血功能,合力推动老区实现跨越式发展。