Joint sector reviews—M&E experiments in an era of changing aid modalities: Experiences from JSRs in the education sectors of Burkina Faso,Mali and Niger

Aid policy and practice have been thoroughly shaken up over the past few years. One of the reform areas relates to monitoring and evaluation (M&E). In short, aid recipients are asked to elaborate result‐oriented frameworks while donors are expected to harmonise and align their policies and frameworks. This article examines the extent to which joint sector reviews (JSRs) could take the M&E reform agenda forward. JSRs are M&E exercises at the sector level which have the potential to satisfy the M&E needs of various stakeholders while, at the same time, also contributing to the M&E reform agenda. They are increasingly utilised on the ground, yet, so far, there do not exist any systematic stocktakings and/or analyses of them. Our own analysis of a sample of JSRs from the education sectors of Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger indicate that JSRs score highly on harmonisation, coordination, leadership and broad‐based participation, but poorly on alignment. They generally prioritise accountability over learning needs and largely neglect accountability and learning at the level of the sector institutional apparatus. In this article, findings from the field are contrasted with insights from evaluation theory and practice so as to provide suggestions for on the ground JSR improvements. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

“巴黎手稿”的存在主义马克思主义解读

1932年马克思的“巴黎手稿”（以《1844年经济学哲学手稿》为题名）首次公开出版，遂及在正在兴起的“西方马克思主义”学界引发了解读热潮。其中，以法国存在主义马克思主义学者列斐伏尔、梅洛-庞蒂的解读，构成了对“巴黎手稿”之存在主义马克思主义解读之主要蓝图。本文认为，其基本特点包括：在具体-总体中，强调“总体的人”（total man）的“自然”与“历史”的“生成”过程，也即人的“存在的”属性，这种存在的属性，换言之，就是行动的哲学或曰立足于“日常生活批判”的“存在的哲学”（existential philosophy）。     

第一次共产党人参加的欧洲1848年革命流光溢彩

欧洲1948年革命烈火燃遍十八国,历时一年九个月,终于被法、德、奥、俄等国反动势力联合扑灭。这场革命就总体而言是资产阶级民主革命和民族独立革命,但是由于无产阶级已作为独立政治力量登场,由于有德国和法国共产党人参加,终于创造了新奇迹。巴黎六月工人起义是无产阶级第一次武装夺取政权的社会主义革命。马克思、恩格斯率领德国共产党人开展了报刊斗争、群众斗争、议会斗争、武装斗争和法庭斗争,革命失败后他们又系统总结了革命经验,为发展世界社会主义运动和科学社会主义理论留下了丰富的政治资源和理论财富。     

Orphans,apprenticeships, and the world of work

This article explores a frequent and important practice in the ancien Régime society, namely, apprenticeship. The apprenticeship contracts of legitimate orphans (boys and girls) who were received in institutions that specialized in caring for them — such as the Trinité or the Saint-Esprit — provide the data for this study. By focusing on these two, it is possible to compare two groups of orphans, as well as differences in the intentions and accomplishments of the institutions in terms of offering instruction and preparation for the working world. This examination focuses on the transition from the institution to society. How did the orphans interpret this transition? And how did administrators perceive their roles? The example of the Trinité and the Saint-Esprit serves to rectify the common image of the hospitals as poor and highly imperfect in terms of education and apprenticeship. It shows that these were genuine training institutions for older children.     

略论中国国家人权机构的建立与完善——以《巴黎原则》为基础

自2004年＂国家尊重和保护人权＂的条款写入宪法以来,完善人权的国内保护逐渐成为人权保障的核心。1993年,联合国大会通过了《促进和保护人权的国家机构的地位原则》（简称巴黎原则）,为各国在国家人权机构的建立和完善方面确立了基本原则。通过对巴黎原则的研究,探讨建立符合国际标准的国家人权机构,对人权的国内保护大有裨益。     

Purposefully Triggering Unintended Consequences: the European Commission and the Uncertain Future of the EU-ACP Partnership

ABSTRACT

The EU’s proposal to renew the EU-ACP Agreement in spite of a number of signals pointing in the opposite direction is, inter alia, the unintended consequence of independent decisions taken in three different policy areas (trade, environment, and foreign and security affairs). The common unintended consequence that the three decisions shared would not have materialised if the European Commission had not purposefully triggered it to justify its vision of future EU-ACP relations. These findings challenge the prevailing and superficial usage of the notion of the unintended as a synonym for unanticipated and undesirable, and demonstrate that unintended consequences do not necessarily presuppose lack of anticipation, but may well be the result of calculation by policymakers.     

The bitter end: apocalypse and conspiracy in white nationalist responses to the Islamic State attacks in Paris

Wilson's article examines how apocalyptic thinking converges with the use of conspiracy theory in white nationalist world-views at a time of crisis. Apocalyptic thinking is, typically, a religious response to secular threats to the faith community that prophesize, or are attendant on, the End. These millenarian outlooks provide communities in crisis a promise of confirmation of the object of their faith, the vanquishing of enemies and, crucially, continuity for the community in a better world to come. In the latter half of the twentieth century and the early years of the twenty-first, apocalypticism and conspiracy theory have tended to coincide. The tendency towards a binary distinction between terms of absolute good and absolute evil, and the revelation of secrets relating to human destiny through prophesy or ‘truth-seeking’ provide a broad transposability between the two interpretative strategies. An increasing amalgamation of political paranoia and eschatology have given rise to what has been termed ‘conspirituality’. Much recent white nationalist rhetoric can be understood as emerging from this discursive position, and Wilson's analysis will demonstrate how one white nationalist community drew on conspiratorial apocalypticism in its response to the multiple attacks by Islamic State in Paris on 13–14 November 2015.     

巴黎公社原则的当代启示

本文结合世界共产主义运动的历史与现实,回顾了巴黎公社的原则,阐发了巴黎公社原则在当代的意义。对无产阶级政党的建设提出了两点思考:一是要重视无产阶级政党的理论建设。二是要重视无产阶级政党内外监督制度的建立和完善。     

从释意理论看我国口译研究的发展

本文对中国口译理论研究的现状作了综合回顾和总体评述,着重介绍中国口译理论研究的宏观框架、研究方法、多种研究视角,以及国外对中国口译界影响颇深的释意理论在中国的发展。释意理论自上世纪80年代确立以来,以其逐步完善的理论架构和独特的理论视角,一度成为西方口译界的主导性理论,引领西方口译研究走入了以从业人员研究为主的全新阶段,也对中国口译研究产生了重大影响。该理论对翻译本质的界定、对口译程序及对象的分析以及对口译教学的创见对当今的口译实践和教学仍具有重要的指导意义。本文试对释意理论的产生背景、发展脉络、基本观点、创新贡献及发展前景做一综合评介,以期推动理论的中国化。