Policy Narratives across Two Languages: A Comparative Study using the Narrative Policy Framework

The Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) focuses on the role of narratives, drawing from a rich scholarship in narrative, language, and culture. Despite the understanding that narratives are constructions of language and that narrative construction differs across languages, NPF studies have not focused on policy narratives in languages other than English. Language characteristics of narratives are important to assess the stability of policy narratives when there are multiple dominant languages in a political system. This study investigates the use of narrative elements in policy narratives in agricultural biotechnology policy in India across Hindi and English media coverage to examine the NPF assumption that narratives have generalizable narrative elements irrespective of variation in linguistic context and, specifically, tests the transportability of narrative elements. Findings validate the transportability of narrative elements in Hindi narratives, indicate variation in the use of narrative elements over time, and have implications for applying NPF across languages.     

历史演进视角下的欧盟与北约关系走向——兼析拜登当选的影响

自欧盟确立共同安全与防务政策以来,欧盟独立防务与北约之间存在着“相互替代”和“相互增强”两种论调。争论焦点在于价值观念、威胁评估和战略文化、军事和民事能力、国防工业和支出。在过去几年,欧盟与北约的关系也围绕上述四个方面发生变化。具体而言,欧盟与北约之间总体上呈现以合作为主、竞争为辅、两者同步增强的发展态势。美国新任总统拜登承诺修复美国与盟友的关系,包括进一步加强北约。同时,美、欧将在价值观念上回归“旧常态”,在威胁评估和战略文化上进一步靠拢,在民事和军事手段的运用以及增加国防工业投入上也会有更多共识和共同行动。因此,欧盟与北约的关系将进一步呈现相互增强的态势,但前提是欧盟的战略自主建设不只是出于做强自身,而是更多地为了使欧、美双方公平承担相应的责任。     

政策类型理论的批判及其中国经验研究

洛伊提出的政策类型理论以＂政策特征决定政治过程＂的假设为基础,从公共权力运用的两个维度构建出四分的政策分类框架。这一政策类型理论一经提出即引起学术界广泛关注,同时也激发了诸多学者的质疑和批判,以及针对质疑和批判进行的辩护和发展。一些开拓性研究表明,该理论对于透视和分析中国背景下的公共政策过程同样具有深邃的理论洞察力。循着＂政策类型视角下政策过程＂的思路,可以发展出关于中国公共政策规划与决策、执行与评估等不同阶段的经验性假设,以逐渐积累关于中国政策过程的知识和认知,并发展出本土化的政策过程理论。     

重刑化刑事政策之商榷

以刑事一体化为视角对2005年12月至2011年5月间司法解释进行分析，发现重刑化的实体法与微罪处分的程序法共同构成了宽严相济刑事政策的架构。刑事政策重刑化使我国刑罚体系水涨船高；在此情境下，程序设计的严谨不过是出于对严罚的合理化，而社区矫正等微罪转介措施则促使更广泛入罪化。其解决方法是：重新提倡刑法谦抑；对首重严刑的民意进行理性审视；以及推行恢复性司法，通过沟通实施控制。     

Institutional Arrangements and State and Local Financial Forecasting

Abstract

The articles in this symposium present various consequences that effectively result in changes from adopted budgets during the implementation phase, which derive from institutional structure. The institutional structures referred to include such attributes as internal policy, procedural methodology, longevity in office, and reward and incentive systems related to performance outcomes

For local governments, structural influences studied include changes in leadership in the executive and legislative branches, longevity in office of budget administrators, and differences related to mayor-council vs. council-manager forms of government. Internal policies reported on cover methodology used to forecast revenues such as quantitative methods versus informed judgment, budgetary controls and spending policy related to mandated spending beyond local government control, and procedures for benchmarking within the agency as well as with peer groups and professional standards.

Consortia of governments are referenced regarding performance evaluation as is the process for gaining consensus between the executive and legislative branches, including expert outside opinion. Other influences on performance outcomes reported on are those tied to the risk-reward system built in to the institutional structure, which includes risk tolerance of the individuals who make pension fund investments.     

和平共处五项原则的演变与中国对外政策

和平共处五项原则自 1 953年 1 2月提出后 ,经历了四个前后相接的发展阶段 ,即 :新中国成立初期着眼于周边安全 ,确立和平共处五项原则 ;50 - 60年代着眼于世界革命 ,局部推进时期 ;70年代跨越意识形态的鸿沟 ,重新推进时期 ;80年代调整基点 ,全方位挺进时期。这四个时期与中国外交政策定位之间有着互动关系     

从门户开放政策看美属菲律宾政府的鸦片政策

1898年占领菲律宾后，美国即对菲律宾群岛的鸦片问题采取限制乃至最终禁止的政策，这与美国在19世纪中期以来积极参与亚洲鸦片贸易的态度大相径庭，这种反差令人深思，但如果从美国推行的“门户开放”政策的角度去理解，则一切都在情理之中。     

香港毒品问题现状

香港是中国的特别行政区,具有高度自治权,有着自己独立的司法制度.目前香港特区政府高度重视禁毒工作,切实加大了对禁毒工作的领导和支持,禁毒工作已经具备比较完善的法律制度,建立了较为完善的工作体系.     

增强高校“形势与政策”课教育教学实效性探析

形势与政策课是高等院校思想政治理论课的重要组成部分。当前高校形势与政策课教育教学中存在着高校重视不够、师资队伍不稳定、教学形式单一等主要问题。与其它课程相比，形势与政策课有其鲜明特点，其内容时效性强、教学领域宽、教育政策性突出、教法灵活多样。针对此课程教育教学中存在的主要问题和此课程独有特点，高等院校应做到明确教学目的、丰富教学内容、改进教学手段，切实增强形势与政策课教育教学实效性。     

The role of non-timber forest products in poverty reduction in India: prospects and problems

The vast natural resources of India's forests, including non-timber forest products (NTFPs), such as medicinal and aromatic plants, leaves, fruits, seeds, resins, gums, bamboos, and canes, offer employment that provides up to half the income of about 25 per cent of the country's rural labour force. However, poor harvesting practices and over-exploitation in the face of increasing market demand are threatening the sustainability of these resources, and thus the livelihoods of forest-dependent tribal communities. This article analyses the role of NTFPs in livelihoods-improvement initiatives and considers recent initiatives intended to enhance their conservation and sustainable management. It recommends policies to optimise the potential of NTFPs, both to support rural livelihoods and to contribute to India's social, economic, and environmental well-being.