Evidence-Based Approaches to Crime Prevention in Developing Countries

The purpose of this paper is to review the present state of the evidence base on the effectiveness of crime prevention programmes and practices in developing countries and to consider the prospects for its improvement. The paper summarises the findings from a scoping review of the literature and develops some suggestions about how the void it finds might be filled. A key focus is on the quality of the methodology used in the research from which the findings are drawn. Against this background the paper considers the degree to which findings about effectiveness, even where they are derived from high quality research on the impact of a criminal justice intervention, are likely to be generalisable from the location of an experiment or pilot to other settings or countries. Building an evidence based on the effectiveness of crime prevention or crime reduction interventions for developing countries would clearly be a major task. Many kinds of political, social, economic and other forces, which vary from country to country, may mediate the impact of criminal justice interventions. The result may be that what works well in one country may not work at all well elsewhere for all kinds of reasons. The principal challenge in creating an evidence base is to develop inclusion criteria when making cross-country comparisons that strike an appropriate balance between the costs and benefits of greater methodological rigour and generalisation.     

中西治学目的之差异

中西的学术源流和体系不同 ,治学目的也各有差异 ,西方注重“求知”、“求法则” ,注重探索自然和社会内在的规律 ,构建理论和进行分析 ;中国传统学术则注重“求用”、“求事实” ,讲究立论谨慎 ,言必有据 ,注重研究某一具体事物、现象或事物的特殊性 ,分析其因果关系及变迁过程。中西学术各有所长 ,取长补短 ,互为补充 ,才是中国学术发展之路     

潮起潮落——谈新自由主义的兴起与衰落

作为一种经济思潮,新自由主义传播很广,一度成为许多国家的"国家经济学",并在世界范围内产生了较大影响.但是,随着世界经济、政治的发展,新自由主义造成的弊端日益显现,逐步陷入了困境.我们必须以马克思主义的科学的态度看待新自由主义思潮,即认清新自由主义的本质.     

关于农村党支部与村民自治关系问题的思考

本文首先从“三个代表”的高度阐述农村党支部与村民自治二者之间的关系 ;其次以法律法规为媒介 ,明确村党支部在村民自治中的地位性质、职责权限、活动方式、活动内容等 ;最后 ,结合现实 ,提出一些加强农村党支部建设的可行性对策。     

明代滇桂地区与东南亚国家关系述评

明代是中国对外关系发展史上的重要时期,处于西南的滇、桂两省与周边各国山水相连。随着明王朝国势的强弱及周边环境的改变,中国与各邻国在政治隶属和疆域统治等方面经历了一系列不同的发展和变化。其间云南、广西与缅甸、老挝、八百媳妇国、安南的经济文化交往始终延绵不断,云南、广西成为明王朝与东南亚国家来往的桥梁和基地。     

借鉴国外经验 推进公用事业改革

公用事业是一国经济发展的基础。由于公用事业企业产品具有公益性,而且投资额巨大、投资回收期长,因而对该类企业的管理及投资模式一直是各个国家积极探索的问题。西方国家管理、投资公用事业的做法,对我国公用事业的改革与发展具有重要的参考价值。     

外国对东盟直接投资的特点及其对中国的启示

目前,东盟正处在一个急需大量外资流入以支持其再创经济辉煌的关键时期,原主要投资国家和地区从东盟国家的淡出为中国企业进入东盟投资领域发展留下了很大空间。本文运用国外最新资料,深入探讨了东盟引进外国直接投资的发展趋势、主要来源、主要部门投向和国家投向以及典型的投资方式,旨在为中国企业通过适当的方式成功进入东盟并正确地选择投资国家和部门提供有益的参考和借鉴。     

The contribution of international accounting standards to implementing NPM in developing and developed countries

In recent years, numerous countries have undertaken administrative reforms to implement New Public Management (NPM) postulates. The implementation of NPM involves new information needs for decision taking by public managers. In this context, public sector accounting plays a key role as an information system for the successful implementation of NPM. The International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) is undertaking an international accounting harmonisation project to establish high‐quality public sector standards to meet the new information requirements under NPM worldwide. This article examines the capability of IFAC accounting measurement bases to meet information needs under NPM postulates, in both developing and developed countries, analysing the differences between these types of countries. The National Accounting Standard Setters (NASS) of 47 countries were asked about the usefulness and viability of Fair Value Accounting (FVA) to implement NPM postulates, especially those concerning improved efficiency, enhanced information transparency and benchmarking analysis. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

论行人不是交通肇事罪的主体

现行刑法没有限定交通肇事罪的主体,由此产生许多争议,其中包括行人是否能够构成交通肇事罪的问题。认真分析关于交通肇事罪的立法表述的细微变化,会发现理论界将行人纳入交通肇事罪的主体违背立法原意,无论是从外国立法考察,还是从法哲学进行分析,行人都不是交通肇事罪的主体。     

西方国家社会党党内民主思想探析

在过去的一个多世纪里,西方各国社会党对党内民主进行了不同程度的理论探索,并在此指导下进行了一系列的实践活动,取得了较为明显的效果。梳理和分析西方社会党党内民主思想不仅有助于我们正本清源,正确认识其本质,对社会主义国家执政党的党内民主建设也有一定借鉴意义。