我国私人汽车消费宏观政策选择研究

展示性消费是一种消费者并不在乎消费品本身的效用,更多地是在追求这种消费可以显示消费者金钱或地位的消费。因城市建设、道路设施等问题的制约,中国大多城市还不具备普及私人汽车的条件,目前仍处于展示性消费阶段。为保障全民福利水平,遵循享用与付费对应的原则,建议适度提高汽车和汽油的消费税税率,由私人汽车的消费者承担更多的城市建设改造费用。     

Trusted notifiers and the privatization of online enforcement

Online content is increasingly enforced by private parties based on private regulation. One recent trend in the takedown of unlawful online content is the emergence of models, where trusted third parties – private or public – are given privileged notification channels for flagging infringing content.Despite increasing practical importance, these arrangements have received little scholarly attention. This article explores the functioning of trusted notifier-models and how they are addressed by the European lawmaker in the context of two intermediaries, online platforms and domain name registries. Depending on intermediary, trusted notifier-models can both be seen as extension of the existing notice-and-takedown regimes and an additional voluntary expedited-enforcement layer. The author argues that these trusted notifier-models are problematic given the broad room of autonomy that the legislator is leaving to private parties. Whereas models involving public authorities are subject to general administrative law principles as well as constitutional and human rights safeguards, the framework for private regulation (i.e. without intervention of public actors) is less clear. In the field of domain names, these legitimacy issues give raise to special concern given the detached relation between domain names and website content. The paper criticizes the lack of insights into existing arrangements and calls for increased transparency. The author concludes that a legislative minimum framework is desirable.     

法律选择之抉择:国家利益与个人利益

法律选择是国际私法中解决法律冲突的特有方法。为了克服传统法律选择方法的弊端,法学家们提出了一系列新的法律选择方法。这些方法可以归纳为根据国家利益进行法律选择和根据当事人利益进行法律选择两类。当代国际私法的发展要求在法律适用问题上平衡当事人利益和国家利益乃至整个国际社会的利益,我国的国际私法立法应顺应这一时代潮流。     

论中央银行在实现货币主体社会性权利中的作用

金融市场的每个主体都是独立的个体存在,同时也是金融市场的个体成员,不仅有个体利益的追求,同时也具有金融市场的整体利益需求。因此,在金融市场中,作为意志表达的意识形式的权利,就形成了个体性金融权利和社会性金融权利的对立统一关系。作为金融市场中的主体,其个体性权利主张的对象是具有平等地位的金融相对人,其社会性权利主张的对象是金融自律组织和政府。中央银行作为金融政府是金融货币主体社会性权利的主要供给者,在实现金融社会性权利中发挥着最重要的作用。保持货币币值的稳定是货币主体最核心的社会性权利,是中央银行行为的准绳。我国中央银行行为必须以我国金融市场中的货币主体的客观的现实的需要为其磁针的指向。     

Libel: Its Purpose and Reform

Discussion of libel often fails to define defamation law's purpose and thus properly to assess its value. This article argues that defamation's purpose relates to fundamental human interests in sociality, directly linked to important aspects of human health and well‐being. Protecting such interests is arguably required by the right to private life under ECHR article 8 and should not count as a violation of the right to freedom of speech. Some current reform proposals are criticised as failing to appreciate the importance of protecting sociality. ‘Business’ libel, however, often protects not sociality but purely economic interests. The article therefore argues that the protection of libel law, as opposed to that offered by malicious falsehood and the economic torts, should be withdrawn from purely economic reputation, starting with removing the rights of corporations to sue in defamation, a position compatible with the ECtHR's decision in Karako v Hungary.     

Jurisdictional issues and the internet – a brief overview 2.0

Issues of Internet jurisdiction remain a key challenge for the application of law to the online environment. Despite of a large volume of academic writings on the topic, these issues continue to be perceived as complex and inaccessible. This article aims to provide an accessible introduction to private international law as it applies to the Internet. As such, it is hoped that it may be a useful resource for courses in IT law, Internet law, e-commerce law or the like, as well as for anyone looking to refresh their understanding of exactly what it is that people are struggling with in the field we may call Internet jurisdiction.     

Unpacking the Path‐Dependent Process of Institutional Change for PPPs

In the recent past, several countries and states have begun to use Public‐Private‐Partnerships (PPPs) for infrastructure development and have attempted to create institutional environments that enable PPPs. Providing an enabling environment for PPPs entails a combination of institutional creation and changing existing institutions relating to project procurement. This paper attempts to understand how path‐dependant institutional change takes place in the context of PPPs and their enabling environments, and why different institutional environments evolve differently, using two cases: the implementation of PPPs in the road sector in the Netherlands and in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. We identify two factors that can be used as predictors of the direction of institutional change: a long‐term orientation towards institutional change and a willingness to learn and modify transitional institutions. Where these factors exist, and thereby provide a goodness of fit, institutional change is likely to occur.     

两岸中小企业私募债券比较研究

本文针对两岸中小企业私募债券,从发展现状和制度法规两方面进行比较研究。研究结果表明：相较于大陆中小企业私募债券存在制度法规不健全、发债主体受限、风险大、透明度低、流动性低等问题,台湾地区建立了较为完备的体系,仅在转售和信息披露方面存在问题。最后,依据台湾地区的成功经验和不足,提出了进一步发展和完善大陆地区中小企业私募债券市场的建议。     

简论中国国际私法立法

国际私法的性质 ,从目前而言主要还是国内法 ,但正在逐步向国际法过渡。我国国际私法立法历史久远且起点高 ;目前我国国际私法立法在立法模式上不拘于单一形式 ,立法层次多元化 ,但立法技术粗糙 ,法律规范不周延的现象比比皆是 ;中国国际私法立法中直接适用的实体法太少 ,司法解释过多。世界经济一体化为中国国际私法立法带来了机遇。中国国际私法立法应以传统的冲突规则为主体 ,在有限的范围内辅之以现代灵活的法律选择方法。中国亟待一部完整的国际私法典。     

Factors affecting likelihood of hiring private investigators (PI): Citizens' traits and attitudes toward police and PI

The aim of this study is to identify factors affecting citizens' likelihood of hiring private investigators (PI) for resolving their criminal and/or civil matters. Limited research has been conducted to investigate factors relevant to private investigators, but none of prior studies have studied citizens' characteristics and attitudes toward police and PI in this regard. To fill the void of the literature, this study utilized data collected from 225 Korean citizens. Factors examined include citizens' demographics, desire for personalized justice, attitudes toward PI's investigation, fear of crime, and attitudes toward public police. Findings indicate that citizens' desire for personalized justice was the most significant factor affecting likelihood of hiring PI for different types of cases. Results of the finding also showed that citizen's satisfaction with police work was negatively related with likelihood of hiring PIs for their criminal and/or civil cases. Based on results, policy implications for law enforcement were discussed.