论国有资产的不同性质与制度创设

任何国家都存在着数量不等、规模各异、所有权属于国家的资产,即国有资产。但是,国有资产所承担的社会职能和发挥的功用并不完全相同。法律上之所以将国有资产划分为公产与私产,是因为两类国有资产在取得、占有、使用、处分、管理、保护等方面都有着极大的不同,需要不同的制度安排。我国是国有资产庞大的国家,对国有资产的不同性质进行划分,并对不同性质的国有资产进行相应的立法与制度设定是完善我国国有资产法律制度的迫切需要。     

‘Customary internet-ional law’: Creating a body of customary law for cyberspace. Part 2: Applying custom as law to the Internet infrastructure

The shift in socio-economic transactions from real space to cyberspace through the emergence of electronic communications and digital formats has led to a disjuncture between the law and practices relating to electronic transactions. The speed at which information technology has developed require a faster, more reactive and automatic response from the law that is not currently met by the existing law-making framework. This paper suggests the development of special rules to enable Internet custom to form legal norms to fulfill this objective. In Part 2 of this article, I will construct the customary rules to Internet law-making that are applicable to electronic transactions by adapting customary international law rules; apply the suggested rules for determining customary Internet norms and identify some existing practices that may amount to established norms on the Internet, specifically practices relating to the Internet Infrastructure and Electronic Contracting.     

当前形势下加快发展县域民营经济的对策建议——对宁津县民营经济的调查与思考

重视并大力扶持民营经济的发展,充分发挥民营经济在国民经济中的重要作用,已成为各级党委和政府的共识,特别是在县域地区,研究和探讨民营经济的发展问题,更具有积极意义。以宁津县为例,从研究当地的民营经济发展的历史入手,着眼全县当前民营经济发展实际,深入剖析县域民营经济在发展中存在的问题,并粗浅地提出加快县域民营经济发展的对策。     

The evolution of security industry regulation in the European Union

ABSTRACT

The European private security sector has grown from a handful of small companies at the end of the Second World War into a multibillion Euro industry with thousands of firms and millions of security staff. In Europe, the demands for security is not just expressed notionally but also officially in The European Agenda on Security stating the European Union (EU) aims to ensure that people live in an area of freedom, security, and justice. This article will begin by exploring the role of private security in society. It will then move on to consider the main phases in the development of private security regulation in Europe. Following on from this, some of the main areas of policy development will be considered, such as European bodies, initiatives, and standards. Finally, the article will explore some of the potential options for the future in better regulating the European private security sector. From a historical perspective, the evolution of private security regulation can be divided into three phases: the laissez-faire, the centrifugal, and the centripetal era – each with its own distinct characteristics and impact on the concurrent industry. In the EU where there is the legal framework for the development of a single market in services, the key social partners have been at the forefront of developing a series of standards and guidance documents which promote standards across borders at the European level. However, the institutions of the EU have been reluctant to intervene at a European level in setting minimum standards of private security regulation. Thus, the changing terrain of the EU relating to security, regulation, and the private security industry means the current trajectory may be in need of an injection of more radical thought and consideration.     

The private security complex and its regulation in Africa: select examples from the continent

ABSTRACT

This article aims to provide an overview of the primary trends and developments of the domestic private security industry in select countries in Africa, while also further reflecting on a selection of operational challenges and obstacles inherent to the industry and its regulation. In particular, field research was conducted in Uganda to explore the nature of the state ownership of private security companies so as to further highlight the regulatory difficulties. Our findings raise a number of questions pertaining to the theorising of private security regulation answers of which, we conclude, may find utility in drawing on the concept of “hybridity” as an alternative heuristic tool to engage with the realities of state regulation in the Global South.     

社会结构变动下的法理念和法律调整--经济法独立的法理思考

按照历史和逻辑的统一,经济法作为法现象和一个法部门,其出现和发展得益于法哲学的发展.社会结构从"市民社会--政治国家"二元结构到"市民社会--团体社会--政治国家"三元结构的发展,确立了"私法--社会法--公法"的法律三大结构论.从而经济法属于社会法的领域,它的发展以社会本位为价值取向.     

试论公共政策的社会总体利益取向

公共利益内涵的模糊和不确定,以及关于公共利益的种种争论,对公共政策的“公共利益取向说”提出了挑战。公共政策的终极目标是实现以人为本的全面、协调、可持续的社会发展,此目标决定了公共政策的社会总体利益最大化取向。“社会总体利益最大化”与政府等公共部门的“公共性”并不矛盾,相反,二者是统一的保持“公共性”是追求社会总体利益最大化的重要前提和基础,追求社会总体利益的最大化是“公共性”的集中体现和必然要求。     

国企改革与"国有民营"机制的引入

在国企改革中,引入“民营”机制,使国有资产在产权不变的情况下,形成有效的激 励与约束机制,极大地提高了劳动生产率,使企业脱困并进入快速发展阶段。     

青年马克思对现代性政治的批判与超越——以《黑格尔法哲学批判》中“长子继承制”批判为例

把青年马克思对黑格尔“长子继承制”的批判置于现代性政治语境下进行探讨,可以看到黑格尔与马克思都致力于和解现代性政治分裂本质所带来的诸种社会后果。但二人给出的现代性政治和解方案存在重大差异:黑格尔以代表普遍性的伦理实体“国家”(“长子继承制”是其内在构成部分),去调节和规范重在实现个体利益的市民社会。但马克思认为,黑格尔的“国家”并不具有其原本企求的社会性和普遍性,其“长子继承制”实际上不过是私有财产的最高级形式,即独立自主的私有财产。它潜在地隐含着有产者与无产者的对立,以及前者支配后者的关系。因此,就本质而言,黑格尔的现代性政治和解方案并不成功。青年马克思坚信,现代性政治的真正和解方案,只能诉诸意味着政治国家消亡的“真正的民主制”,并在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中进一步将其表述为对私有财产积极扬弃的共产主义运动。