Presidential mandates and ministerial institutions: Summitry of the Americas, the Organization of American States (OAS) and the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)

The periodic Summits of the Americas are the highest form of regional multilateralism in the Western Hemisphere, but summits lack their own means to implement their mandates. Hence, Summit Plans of Action assign many initiatives to existing regional institutions, especially the Organization of American States (OAS) and the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). But a notable difference exists in the character and degree to which these two institutions have responded to their unfunded mandates, in that the OAS has become “nested” under the hierarchy of summitry, while the IDB has eschewed subordination in favor of a “parallel” relationship pursuing largely convergent activities. Relying on extensive interviews and reviews of open source and internal documents, six variables are found to explain this differential response: ministerial authorities, competing mandates, institutional missions, internal structures, membership and leadership. Yet for both regional institutions there remains a wide gap between the directives emanating from the Summits and what the two regional institutions have been—and could be—accomplishing. The study concludes with recommendations to improve institutional design. JEL codes L31 · F42 · F02 · D73 · F1     

以科学发展观指导公安工作

公安工作必须以科学的发展观为指导，推动公安工作全面协调的可持续发展。以科学发展观指导公安工作，关键要把握好统筹兼顾，核心在于坚持以人为本，根本在于求真务实。     

服刑罪犯发展权问题初探

公民享有发展权已勿庸置疑，而监狱的服刑人员是否也享有发展权还存在许多争议。笔者认为：服刑罪犯的发展权是指罪犯在服刑期间，刑罚执行机关为实现罪犯的再社会化，促进罪犯的良性发展而保障罪犯享有的基本权利。正如学者王平提出的观点：“保护罪犯的权利就是保护我们自己的权利，保护全人类的权利。”     

意大利新国际私法管辖权规则初探

意大利新国际私法关于管辖权的规则具有开放、务实、灵活、高效的特征。首先 ,新法顺应国际私法法典化的新趋势 ,将涉外民商事案件的管辖权规则纳入国际私法典 ;其次 ,新法满足经济全球化的要求 ,规定住所地原则为涉外民商事管辖权的基本根据 ;再次 ,新法从实际需要出发 ,在涉外婚姻、继承案件中保留国籍作为行使管辖权的根据 ;第四 ,新法在适用国际条约方面采取更加开放的态度 ,开创了扩展适用国际条约的新举措 ;第五 ,新法更尊重协议管辖原则 ,力求增加管辖规则的灵活性 ,提高涉外民商事诉讼效率 ;最后 ,新法引入了未决诉讼制度 ,强化了对管辖权冲突的协调     

加快江苏文化产业发展的思考

文化产业是指专门从事文化产品生产、销售和服务的行业,既有意识形态属性也有经济属性。上世纪未江苏提出了建设文化大省的目标。建设文化大省的一个重要的方面,就是要拥有发达的文化产业。江苏文化产业发展既有有利条件也有制约因素,加快文化产业发展必须要有正确的思路与对策。     

国际贸易法的新发展及其教学变革新思路

全球法律化与经济一体化对我国高校国际贸易法教学产生了重大影响并对之提出更高要求。为使我国高校国际贸易法教学适应新形势发展的需要 ,本文论述了国际贸易法的新发展及变革国际贸易法教学的必要性 ,并从教学目的、教学内容、教学方法、教学手段、教学实践、教学与研究等方面 ,提出变革与创新国际贸易法教学的若干意见     

虚拟专用网VPN管理研究

随着网络技术的广泛应用以及网络安全的日益重要,虚拟专用网VPN得到广泛应用。如何对VPN网络进行有效管理成为一个迫切需要解决的问题。本文从实际需求出发,提出了一个对VPN网络进行策略管理的模型,该模型效率较高,具有较大的现实意义。     

替代种植发展对策思考

云南省利用自身的区位特点,发挥经济技术优势,按照政府支持、市场主导的原则,鼓励企业到境外开展替代种植,取得巨大的进展。当前替代种植存在的问题主要有:“金三角”局势复杂,行政管理落后,我方替代工作缺乏统筹等。建议在推进国际替代发展合作、提供政策、财政支持等工作加强和改进工作。     

相对人的行政立法动议权

行政立法动议权 ,是指行政相对人依法向法定有立法权限的行政主体提出有关制定、修改或废除某项立法性文件的请求或建议权。赋予相对人行政立法动议权 ,是现代法的合意性的要求 ,是对相对人主体地位的承认和尊重 ,是行政立法开放性和民主化的表现 ,对于行政主体权力的滥用也有良好的防范作用。应当进一步完善有关法律 ,规定相对人行使动议权必须具备相应的条件或资格 ,并以一定的程序加以保障。     

Managing civil society: democratisation and the environmental movement in a Russian region

The stalling of civil society development within the Russian Federation and its attendant causes have been a focus of academic study since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Alongside the emergence of a fragmented and chronically under-funded community of advocacy groups, the literature points to a rejection of democratic structures by the Russian populace and an absence of active civil engagement. Consequently, the international community has sought to bolster the growth and development of the Russian third sector by funding projects and organisations with a view to increasing public participation.Utilising research undertaken in Samara oblast of the Russian Federation, this paper examines the role played by overseas donor agencies within the Samara Environmental Movement (SEM). In examining both the quality and quantity of donor assistance received, it reveals a number of dysfunctions arising from this aid, and in particular, a lack of contextualisation and mis-direction of the assistance offered vis-à-vis citizen participation, alongside other behavioural impacts of donor funding within the SEM itself.