Can top-down community enterprise development reduce poverty and out-migration? Evidence from Thailand

This article examines the performance of a poverty alleviation policy in Thailand known as the Small and Micro Community Enterprises (SMCEs) programme. It investigates provincial determinants affecting the establishments of the SMCEs and assesses the effects of the programme on household income and out-migration by using panel data analysis and propensity score matching model. The research findings indicated that such enterprises have spread widely. Average household expenditure, the rate of poverty, and agricultural output were significant predictors of SMCE establishments. However, the research did not find any concrete evidence to support the claim that this policy helped reduce poverty or out-migration.     

Collective action in small-scale mushroom production in Swaziland: does organisational form matter?

While substantial literature is available on the determinants of small-scale farmers’ participation in collective action, and the welfare impacts of producing and/or marketing collectively, studies on the likely implications of organisational form on producers’ collective behaviour remain scant. This article attempts to address this knowledge gap by using an example of different forms of small-scale mushroom-producing groups in Swaziland. Given the importance of collective action in sub-Saharan Africa, the overall results of this article provide valuable insights into alternative means of coordinating commercial small-scale agricultural activities, which can improve producers’ ultimate benefits while reducing the likelihood of internal free-riding.     

德国行政形式选择自由理论与实践

行政形式选择自由是德国法中一个古老的问题。相关学说随着时代变迁而不断发展,先后经历了"国库行政"和"行政私法"阶段,现今又受到"新行政法学"的影响。各派学说交锋的核心始终集中于行政形式选择自由存在的前提以及应受到何种限制两大问题。目前,行政形式选择自由已被德国学界普遍认同,且将合宪性作为其存在的基本前提之一。而在法律实践中,立法者和行政者均享有行政形式选择自由,当行政者选择以私法形式完成行政任务时,除适用私法外,还需受到公法之补充适用。行政形式选择自由学说对正处于转型期的我国行政法亦具有重要的启发意义。     

从国际私法的角度谈WTO协议在我国的实施

我国加入WTO后如何实施其协议规则 ,是一个迫在眉睫的问题。本文从国际私法的角度分析了WTO规则的非直接适用性 ,指出必须通过“废、改、立” ,把它转化成国内法 ,才能在我国实施。针对目前我国正在清理法律法规 ,相关新法还没有出台的情况 ,本文提出应适用“国际惯例补缺”的原则处理涉及WTO规则的涉外案件。     

论区域产业政策

区域产业政策是国家产业政策在一个区域范围内发挥作用的产业政策。区域产业政策具有他的特征和作用,主要包括区域产业结构政策和主导产业政策。制定正确的区域产业政策,明确区域产业发展各方面支持和限制的重点,是调整区域产业结构、进行区域主导产业选择的重要依据。     

民营企业老板向企业家发展的路径选择

民营企业能否在深化改革的过程中保持持续发展的势头,已成为民营企业老板必须思考和解决的问题。民营企业要持续发展,必须解决的问题几乎都与民营企业老板有关。民营企业老板能否解决好自身即企业内部的问题将直接关系到企业的命运。     

The relative success of private funders and government funders in funding important science

Regression analysis is used to test the effects of funding source (and of various control variables) on the importance of the article, as measured by the number of citations that the article receives. Funding source is measured by the number of private and the number of government grants mentioned in the acknowledgements section. The importance of an article is measured by an “early” count (of citations through October 1992), and a “late” count (of citations through July 2002). Using either measure of article importance, the evidence suggests that private funders are more successful than the government at identifying important research. Jel classification D 780 . H 110 . O 310     

把落实科学发展观作为公安监管"三基"工程建设的着力点

为了准确界定公安监管基层基础工作的范围和重点,找准基层基础工作的着力点和突破口,公安监管工作要以科学发展观为指导,切实把公安监管基层基础工作的切入点定位于强化民警队伍建设,着力体现以人为本的新理念;切实把公安监管基层基础工作的突破口定位于强化监管基础设施、技术装备和后勤保障建设,着力体现全面发展的新理念;切实把公安监管基层基础工作的基本点定位于强化监管业务规范化建设,着力体现协调、可持续发展的新理念.     

THE DELINQUENCY OF CHILDREN BORN TO YOUNG MOTHERS: RESULTS FROM THE ROCHESTER YOUTH DEVELOPMENT STUDY*

This paper examines the relationship between a mother's age at first childbirth and the delinquent behavior of her children. Using data from the Rochester Youth Development Study (RYDS), an ongoing longitudinal study of adolescent development, we found that children born to mothers who began childbearing at a young age were more prone to general delinquency, violence, and arrest than were children born to mothers who began childbearing when they were older. This “early first‐birth effect” was far larger in white and Hispanic families than in African‐American families. Mediating analyses found that the early first‐birth effect was most attributable to the unstable composition of families in which early childbearing occurs. That said, a substantial portion of the effect remains unmediated.     

在素质教育中让全体学生都得到全面主动的发展

素质教育是一种现代化的教育理念,是一种新的教育模式。不是简单地对“应式教育”的否定,而是一种新的教育体制的构建。面向大众,人人都要受到教育,培养个性、激发潜能,让学生主动发展,全面发展,培养时代需要人才。