当前村民自治遭遇的难题及对策思考

在农村基层民主建设推进过程中,村民自治遭遇到的五大干扰因素,它们阻碍甚至破坏《村组法》的贯彻实施。因此应当正视现实,不断完善我国村民自治的法律法规,创新农民公共参与渠道,让其意愿和要求得到充分表达,以实现农民群众的民主自治权利。     

Violence and Gangs: Gender Differences in Perceptions and Behavior

Most research on violence has focused on males, but recent studies indicatethat females are also involved in violent crimes. Few studies, to date,have examined whether different or similar models explain male and femaleinvolvement in violent behavior. In the current research, we examine therelative contribution of social bond, self-control and social learningconcepts to the explanation of male and female violent offending. We alsoexplore the unique contribution of gang membership, school environment andprior victimization to these explanatory models. Using a multisite sampleof eighth-grade students, we find that results of a Chow test indicate theneed for separate theoretical models. Despite some similarities, differentfactors account for male and female rates of violent behavior.     

单位化背景下的乡村关系——杨村调查

本文在简单回顾乡村关系制度变迁的基础上，考察了BJ市城乡结合部农村单位化现象，探讨了在单位化背景下乡村关系的表现形态及其意义。文章认为，改革开放以来，中国农村出现了两种倾向，一种是以个体经营为主的分散农户的原子化，而另一种倾向是以集体经营为主的村民单位化。在单位化乡村社区，村民的地缘意识、血缘意识在下降，而单位意识在提升和凸显。在城市化进程中，单位化了的村民担心自己被排斥在单位体制之外，而小心呵护着单位与村民之间的庇护与被庇护关系。本文的基本结论是，在单位化村庄中，乡村关系表现为单位体制下的上下级关系，具有强烈的行政色彩，村民自治的自治空间因此变得极为有限。     

“It's not Fair!” Adolescents' Constructions of Appropriateness of Parental Reactions

Research suggests that perceived appropriateness of parental discipline plays a role in whether adolescents accept or reject parental messages, but little is known about how adolescents conceptualize or construct their ideas of appropriateness. One hundred twenty-two adolescents (M age = 16.87) answered questions about past situations (both antisocial and prosocial), how parents responded to these situations, the adolescent's perceived appropriateness of the parent's reaction, how the parent's reaction made the adolescent feel, and what the adolescent thought the parent's intentions were. Appropriateness ratings were related to the type of parental discipline used, with yelling associated with lower ratings of appropriateness and talking associated with higher ratings. Ratings were also related to adolescents' emotions, with negative emotions associated with lower ratings of appropriateness and positive emotions associated with higher ratings. Lastly, ratings were related to adolescents' perceptions of parental intent, with inhibiting and controlling intentions associated with lower ratings of appropriateness and caring and helping intentions associated with higher ratings.     

工作时间质量对员工的影响 ：理论路径与实证检验

工作时间质量对于个人、企业和社会都具有重要意义。在明确了工作时间质量的3个评价维度(工作时长、工作时点和工作时间自主性)的基础上,本研究提出了"工作时间质量对员工影响的基础路径模型",揭示了工作时长、工作时点和工作时间自主性对员工产生影响时,三者的基础路径关系。该模型指出,工作时长、工作时点和工作时间自主性均能对员工个体层面的结果变量产生直接影响,同时,工作时间自主性能够显著调节工作时长、工作时点的影响程度。研究还利用"2018年中国工作环境研究"的数据,以"工作时间满意度"作为结果变量对理论模型进行实证检验,检验结果支持了理论模型的假设:(1)员工超时工作程度和工作时点非标准化程度越高,对工作时间感到满意的可能性越低;(2)工作时间自主性和工作时间满意度具有显著的正相关关系;(3)工作时间自主性负向调节超时工作和非标准化工作时点对员工工作时间满意度的影响。     

论民族地区教育行政制度创新--从新制度经济学视角的分析

文章运用新制度经济学的理论和方法,分析我国教育制度变迁的供求关系,分析我国民族地区教育及教育行政制度的特殊性,进而指出民族地区教育行政制度创新特殊的意义。     

现代法的本体价值及其对我国民事立法的启示

在法的价值体系中,至为根本并决定其他价值者为法的本体价值.受现代社会整体文化结构、经济结构之决定,现代法的本体价值为个人自由与社会正义的统一,并与传统和后现代法的价值相区别.对我国民事立法而言,现代法的本体价值有助于我们克服价值迷失和主体误置之弊,坚持个人自由这一核心价值,切实贯彻私法自治原则,并注重社会正义价值,实现个人自由和社会正义的统一与和谐.     

Are city elections unique? Perceptions of electoral cleavages and social sorting across levels of government

A long tradition of scholarship has argued that the cleavages that animate urban politics are distinct from those that structure regional or national politics. More recent scholarship has challenged this view, demonstrating the relevance of cleavages that apply at higher levels of government, such as partisanship and ideology, for urban elections. We contribute to this debate by investigating the perceptions of urban residents themselves. Using survey data from a major Canadian city, we use a novel survey question battery to compare how urban residents understand municipal and provincial electoral cleavages. We consider two questions that speak to the distinctiveness of local politics: (1) How do electors perceive coalitions of support at the two levels of government, and do perceptions of coalitions differ across levels? (2) How do perceptions compare to actual electoral coalitions at the two levels? We find little evidence to support the view that local electoral cleavages are unique.     

Refining the Concepts of Territorial Revenue Assignment,Substate Fiscal Self-rule and Territorial Fiscal Balance

Fiscal federalism has offered a template for understanding intergovernmental fiscal relations. Yet when politicians are involved in day-to-day decentralization it may happen that some of the normative elements of fiscal federalism do not fit reality. Substate entities may go beyond the own-source paradigm and have a practical interest in alternative forms of fiscal self-rule. To better understand this pragmatism a threefold stage model of territorial revenue assignment is presented drawing on some insights offered by Germany’s fiscal constitution. Within this framework a reassessment of the role of territorial levels as levels during vertical revenue assignment is undertaken, a new typology of fiscal self-rule is introduced, and finally a theory of multiple territorial fiscal balance points is outlined, including the one based on the real domain of substate own policy-making.     

Autonomy or organisation? Reforms in the Ghanaian internal revenue service

Autonomous Revenue Authorities (ARAs) have recently become a popular organisational reform to improve revenue collection in developing countries. The success of ARAs is commonly attributed to ‘autonomy’ which reduces political interference, and increases financial independence and managerial freedom. This article examines the case of the Ghanaian ARA – the Internal Revenue Service and argues that its strong performance is the result of not ‘autonomy’, but other more nuts and bolts reforms, specifically: (a) strategies designed to direct the focus of the IRS to different taxpayer segments, particularly the informal sector and (b) significant attempts to bring the tax administration closer to the taxpayer through decentralisation and improved taxpayer services. To the extent that autonomy enables ARAs to undertake these other reforms it forms an important piece of the picture, however, they do not require autonomy – they could well be adopted under traditional tax administrations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.