浅谈民警心理健康与民警培训

面对错综复杂的执法环境、面对繁重的公安保卫任务、面对执法过程中遇到的各类意外事件,基层公安民警心理上承受的压力越来越大。因此,心理健康对公安民警特别重要。重视心理健康调适,加强对民警的心理健康教育和培训,是各级公安机关必须重视的问题,也是民警培训工作的一项长期目标。     

地方政府决策与公众参与——以怒江大坝建设为例

市场经济导致的利益分化,使得地方政府越来越多地在利益冲突的背景下进行决策,也使得越来越多的利益相关者在不同层面上介入决策。有鉴于此,需要以怒江大坝决策为例,描述地方政府决策过程中公众参与的一般特征,并对这一过程涉及的利益冲突与表达、抑制决策者的自利偏好、决策程序以及潜规则等问题加以分析。     

Citizens’ Perceptions of Governance in Rural and Urban China

This article presents three main findings from a purposive stratified survey of urban and rural residents. First, Chinese citizens “disaggregate” the state with high levels of satisfaction for Central government that fall dramatically as government gets closer to the people. Satisfaction levels are noticeably lower for those in rural China. Second, attitudes about the way policy is implemented by local governments raise concerns. Irrespective of place of residence, respondents feel that when implementing policy local officials and governments are mainly concerned with their own interests, are more receptive to the views of their superiors rather than those of ordinary people, favor those with money, and are formalistic in implementing policy rather than dealing with actual problems. Third, the areas of work that citizens would really like government to concentrate on are job creation and providing basic guarantees to protect against the shocks of the transition to a market economy. Tony Saich is the Daewoo Professor of International Affairs, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University and Director of the Harvard University Asia Center. His recent research focuses on the development of social policy in China, particularly on the provision of public goods by local governments. His publications include Governance and Politics of China by Palgrave and edited volumes on Financial Sector Reform in China (with Yasheng Huang and Edward Steinfeld) and AIDS and Social Policy in China (with Joan Kaufman and Arthur Kleinman both by Harvard University Asia Center. He would like to thank Edward Cunningham for his great help in preparing this article. He also wants to thank Victor Yuan (Horizon Market Research Company) for his tremendous help in designing the survey and implementing it. In addition, I would like to thank Anita Chan, Martin King Whyte and two anonymous reviewers for their extremely helpful comments on an earlier draft.     

Managementreformen in internationalen Organisationen: Eine vergleichende Analyse der Europäischen Kommission und des OECD-Sekretariats

The article comparatively investigates reforms of human resource management in the European Commission and the OECD Secretariat. It analyzes to what extent both organizations have adjusted their respective structures towards the ideal type of the so-called New Public Management (NPM). The empirical findings show that reforms towards NPM are more pronounced in the Commission than in the OECD Secretariat. These findings are surprising for two reasons. First, it seems rather paradoxical that the OECD as central promoter of NPM at the international level lags behind the global trend when it comes to reforming its own structures. Second, this result is in contradiction with theoretical expectations, as they can be derived from theories of institutional isomorphism. To nevertheless account for the surprising results, it is necessary to modify and complement existing theories especially with regard to the scope conditions of their causal mechanisms.     

Effectiveness of private finance initiatives (PFI): study of private financing for the provision of capital assets for schools

The study reported in this paper explores how effective Public Private Partnerships (PPP) have been as critical providers of capital assets within the state education sector in the UK. Specifically, the research investigates the impact on educational provision of the UK government's contentious £43 billion Private Finance Initiative (PFI). The inquiry focuses on 27 English Local Education Authorities (LEAs) currently or recently involved in PFI. The investigation examines the effect of PFI's on LEA decision‐making processes and discusses these authorities assessment of the UK government's current PFI strategy. An evaluation of PFI as a source of sustainable finance is reported as well as recommendations made for LEAs currently considering adoption of PFI. Through such analysis, this study seeks to de‐layer and ascertain the influence of complex external environmental influences and stakeholders that need to be taken into account in order to make PPPs work. The paper concludes by presenting the critical considerations for enhancing the working relationship between private and public sector partners. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Verschafft die direkte Demokratie den Benachteiligten mehr Gehör? Der Einfluss institutioneller Rahmenbedingungen auf die mediale Präsenz politischer Akteure

Dieser Aufsatz untersucht den Einfluss politisch‐institutioneller Kontextfaktoren auf die Artikulationschancen politischer Akteure in der Öffentlichkeit. Als empirische Grundlage dient eine Inhaltsanalyse der Schwangerschaftsabbruchdebatte in der Schweiz im Vergleich mit Deutschland und den USA über einen Zeitraum von drei Jahrzehnten. Es wird aufgezeigt, dass institutionell bedingte Machtdifferentiale ‐ vermittelt über mediale Selektionslogiken ‐ in hohem Masse die öffentliche Präsenz der Akteure, ihr mediales Standing, bestimmen. Dies benachteiligt insbesondere zivilgesellschaftliche Herausforderer, wie etwa soziale Bewegungen. Direktdemokratische Verfahren, so wird weiter argumentiert, wirken in der Schweiz diesem Effekt jedoch entgegen, indem sie den Aussenseitern Möglichkeiten zur Profilierung und Etablierung bieten. Davon profitieren ebenfalls die Parteien, welchen in der Schweiz ansonsten eine schwache institutionelle Stellung attestiert wird. Mit seinen Ergebnissen stützt der Aufsatz schliesslich die Forderung nach einer Kontextualisierung politischer Kommunikationsforschung im Sinne eines “institutional turn” und zeigt das Potenzial einer komparativen Vorgehensweise auf.     

社会主义行政法治理念的内容探析

社会主义行政法治理念是社会主义法治理念在行政法领域的具体体现,是社会主义行政法治的内在要求和基本原则的概括和反映,是推进依法行政、建设法治政府的精神支柱。社会主义行政法治理念的内容包括法治行政、服务行政、公开行政、民主行政、公正行政、诚信行政、效能行政、责任行政八个方面。     

用才“十略“

党管人才除了制定政策、整合力量,更多的是服务。要有重才之识,爱才之心,识才之智,用才之贤,举才之魄,护才之胆,容才之量,助才之情,聚才之力,育才之明。     

“十一五“期间我国行政管理体制改革的基本问题

如果把我国全面的改革比喻为整个大脑的话,行政管理体制改革则处在“脑干”的部位。它既是其他一切改革的“根”,因而构成了整个改革的突破点和“抓手”,又是其他一切改革的汇总点和联结点,因而必须与其他改革综合、配套进行。     

治安调解若干问题研究

治安调解是公安机关依法对因民间纠纷违反治安管理行为的非处罚性处理方法。究竟需要怎样的治安调解制度,应当将其置于整个纠纷解决机制之中加以考察。依据《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚法》第9条关于治安调解的原则性规定,治安调解适用的情形主要在该法第43条和第49条规定调整的范围内。治安案件不适用“谁主张,谁举证”的原则,当事人只需表明自己的权益受损,证明责任由警察担当。但不应将公安机关的证明责任绝对化,尤其是在当事人因民间纠纷提起治安处罚程序,要求公安机关追究对方责任的情形下,当事人应当对证明自己主张的案件事实承担一定的证明责任。治安调解的程序适用一方面应便于公安机关掌握纠纷事实真相,明确双方责任,提出处理建议;另一方面还须为调解不成或者不履行协议的治安处罚服务。