Resource Priority,Fairness, and Equality-Efficiency Compromises

A central issue in theories of social justice is the potential conflict between equality and efficiency in the distribution of resources. We suggest here that resource priority is a key factor that moderates the perceived fairness of equality/efficiency compromises in resource allocation. Participants were presented with scenarios involving a policy change that pitted equality against economic efficiency in the allocation of a variety of resources that differed in their importance levels (basic versus non-basic). We found that participants gave more weight to efficiency considerations at the expense of equality in distributing non-basic (higher-level) resources than in distributing basic resources. We discuss the priority hypothesis in connection with norms of justice, human motives, the need hierarchy (deficiency versus growth needs), the consumption of basic versus non-basic resources, and the legitimacy of allocation policies. The paper is based on portions of doctoral research conducted by Eviathar Matania under the supervision of Ilan Yaniv.     

对工会参与共建节约型企业的思考

近年来,我国工业发展迅猛,同时也面临着严峻的形势。企业工会组织提出了要坚持以人为本,注重节能,关注资源,自力更生,突出重点,抓好环保,充分提高资源利用率来实现企业经济新的增长点,以保持企业的可持续性健康发展。     

论我国公司资本退出规则的完善

与资本退出有关的规则群应在资本退出这一概念下进行整体研究。资本退出对财富活化具有重要的意义。这种意义体现在鼓励投资、便利了资本的进入和其他的相关功能。公司法对资本退出的限制可以分为程度限制、方式限制和工具限制。我国新《公司法》缓和了对公司资本退出的限制,但仍未达到令人满意的程度。在坚持一定原则的前提下,对公司资本退出的限制规则仍有必要进一步的放宽。     

上古神话:中华民族文化精神的渊源

上古神话不仅是中华民族的文化源头,也是民族文化精神的渊源和集中体现。它反映了中华民族坚忍不拔、百折不挠的抗争精神；造福于民、泽被后世的牺牲精神；积极进取、勇于探索的创新精神和一往无前、自强不息的追求精神。上古神话不但是祖先留给我们的宝贵艺术珍品,也是一笔丰厚的精神财富。     

社会财富值总量的模型分析

探讨社会财富值总量,构成马克思主义经济学的一个基础而重要的问题.社会财富值总量的基本模型揭示了某一年末的财富值总量等于前一年末的财富值总量与当年耗费的活劳动量之和,派生模型揭示了某一年末社会财富值总量等于各年耗费的活劳动量总和,表明社会财富生产者的活劳动是财富的惟一源泉,扩展模型探讨了社会财富值总量与社会财富的平均有形磨损率和社会劳动生产率呈反向变化,表明随着社会劳动生产率的不断解放和发展,劳动者将逐渐从劳动中解放出来,人类社会的历史已经验证并将继续验证这些模型的结论是成立的.     

The emerging role of sovereign wealth fund as an economic growth avenue for Nigeria: lessons from the Singapore experience

In 2011, Nigeria legally established a sovereign wealth fund (SWF) with a view to find a lasting solution to the frequent short-fall of funds needed for key budgetary and infrastructural developments in the country. This is as a result of the volatility in the price of crude oil which is Nigeria’s major source of foreign exchange revenue. This article examines the role that Nigeria’s SWF could play in the economic growth of the country. Importantly, as Nigeria continues to struggle with its first economic recession in decades, the article suggests it needs to adopt lessons from Singapore’s SWF experience.     

Mineral wealth and limited redistribution: social transfers and taxation in Botswana

ABSTRACT

There are palpable cracks in the Botswana economic growth success story, most apparent in the evidence of persistent and extreme inequality. This article offers new insights into the Botswana puzzle by focusing on redistributive policies – taxation and transfers – as potential mechanisms to tackle poverty and inequality. The historical analysis explores how the minimal redistributive policies reflect the interests of the elites and how these actors justify their policy decisions with reference to the needs of the poor – an important electoral constituency; and it links policy developments to social and economic outcomes where no comprehensive social security system and negligible taxations means that only the well-to-do are in positions of income security and only the most vulnerable receive some relief. Diamond-rich Botswana avoids taxing its citizens. In terms of citizen engagement and ability to pursue social justice this may be a mistake.     

广西北部湾经济区人力资源开发的理论探讨——基于发展经济学的视角

广西北部湾经济区人力资源开发应采取何种策略是理论界要解决的紧迫课题。本文认为北部湾人口控制困难、教育供需存在结构性矛盾、人才引进困难而智力流失不可避免,是采取本土人力资源开发为主战略的依据。要大力发展教育,营造良好的用人与人才流动环境,以实现人力资源的开发与优化配置。     

盗窃、抢夺、诈骗三种刑事案件应该执行何种立案标准

在盗窃、抢夺、诈骗等三种侵财刑事案件的立案上,有人主张以公安部规定的立案数额标准为准,有人主张以最高人民法院和最高人民检察院规定的犯罪数额为准。前种主张在理论上存在问题,后种主张在实践上更不合理。究其原因,在于犯罪但书制度要求有"罪量"标准,有关方面却因工作要求不同而难就量化标准达成一致。加之犯罪但书制度还有许多缺陷,所以解决办法应是取消犯罪但书,仅按行为结构和性质决定是否立案,并设置、适用更多轻缓的刑罚。然而,由于犯罪但书制度难以遽然取消,所以稳妥的做法是坚持执行低于犯罪数额标准的立案数额标准,并不再以经济发展、人均收入提高等理由而提高,为最终取消犯罪但书制度创造条件。     

贫富分层背景下大学生人生哲学的定位

当代大学生群体贫富分层现象突出，在人数上呈现出“两头小、中间大”的结构特征，且贫学生与富学生之间的经济差异非常大。这种贫富分层严重冲击了大学生人生哲学的方方面面：社会观、价值观、人生观和幸福观等。应通过拓展勤工助学的精神引领价值、淡化大学生的贫富意识、加强人文教育、提升社会公众的生活格调和精神品位等工作，引导大学生在此背景下科学定位其人生哲学。