苏联的债务问题及其解决前景

苏联解体后 ,苏联的债务经债权人的努力全部转由俄罗斯承担 ,这使得俄罗斯债务猛增 ,几乎压垮预算 ,特别是俄加入巴黎债权人俱乐部后 ,被迫以高利息偿还苏联的债务 ,更使得俄罗斯债务重重 ,步履维艰。为此 ,应从俄罗斯实际出发 ,制定一系列减轻俄罗斯债务的有效方法和草案。     

俄罗斯远东发展生活资料市场的规划和措施

俄罗斯远东的买方市场是在生产能力不足而不是过剩的条件下形成的,许多消费品还依赖进口就是明证。俄罗斯国家和远东地方政府出台了一系列发展生活资料市场的规划和措施,但是远东消费品工业发展滞后的局面难以根本改观。     

查缉中的语言伪装艺术

查缉是民警一项经常性的危险性较大的工作。民警在查缉中运用一些合理的巧妙的语言伪装技巧可有效地迷惑、麻痹和稳定犯罪嫌疑人,起到隐蔽、保护自己及群众和寻找、制造战机,最后克敌制胜的作用。     

Law clerks as an instrument of court–government accommodation under autocracy: the case of the Russian Constitutional Court

There is a normative expectation that constitutionalism does not co-exist well with autocracy. How do constitutional courts then uphold their integrity under authoritarianism? In this paper, I answer this question by taking the case of the Russian Constitutional Court (RCC) and showing how court–government accommodation in the new post-third wave autocracies can be achieved by limiting the amount of information the court receives from its secretariat. It follows from a detailed analysis of case selection in the RCC that the secretariat can function as an “insulator,” protecting the Court from political and reputational risks. The two features that make this possible are its invisibility to the judges and the clerks’ specific professional culture. The research is informed by an extensive series of in-depth interviews in the RCC, and benefits from the relocation of the RCC to St. Petersburg in 2008.     

Textual Information in Management Earnings Forecast，Language Features and Market Responses

Based on corporate behavioral finance theory, this paper studies the impact of textual information of management earning forecast and its language characteristics on market response. Using the data of listed company from 2012 to 2016, this paper finds that the optimism of textual information has a positive effect on stock returns. However, this effect is affected by the language features of textual information, more specifically, the market response toward textual information is weakening with the exaggeration or bias of language. This phenomenon indicates the effectiveness of the China capital market. This paper extends the research area of textual information and management earning forecast, and provides new evidences to corporate behavioral finance theory.     

公文写作中准确选词的方法

准确是公文语言的第一要素和本质要求。在公文语言中准确选词的基本方法主要有六种：一要认真区别词语的理性义;二要严格区分词义色彩方面的差别;三要注意模糊词语和精确词语的选用;四要消除因多义词、多义词组造成语句中有关成份间的语法关系不明的现象;五是数字表述语要力求准确;六要使用规范的简称。     

语言应用的国家战略与汉语教育的历史思考

文章探讨了世界各个民族语言的兴衰更替历史,全面反思英语全球化挤压下尴尬的汉语教育、汉语科技话语权以及网络汉语权所面临的空前危机,首次把汉语教育权与汉语话语权看作国家的最高战略,提出应与国家主权以及政治经济自主权一样作为最重要的国家主权的观点,倡导大力加强作为“中华芯”的汉语母语教育,全面提升汉语母语话语权。     

The mimicry of the state as a state practice: the regulation of rickshaw licenses in Dhaka (Bangladesh)

Around half a million cycle rickshaws are currently active in Dhaka, Bangladesh. With only 86,000 official licenses available, different types of organizations supply licenses to most rickshaw drivers. These non-official licenses mimic the language of the state. This article argues that while these licenses appear as part of non-state, hybrid, or twilight institutions, they in fact constitute a state practice. Based on approximately 200 semi-structured interviews at six locations in Dhaka and offering a conceptualization of the Bangladesh state as a party-state, the article shows that the operation of non-official rickshaw licenses and the mimicry entailed is an inherent part of party-state governance, one which is not morally neutral. While most respondents saw the everyday benefits of non-official licenses in the absence of sufficient official ones, the latter remained the most prized and, if made available, respondents agreed that the former would become redundant.     

Mapping national identity narratives in Ukraine

Since 1991, the absence of the concept of a Ukrainian nation and national identity has led to a controversial, often ambivalent process of identity formation. The aim of this paper is to analyze and map the widely shared concepts about national identity that exist in Ukrainian society after 20 years of independence. Analysis of 43 interviews with Ukrainian political and intellectual elites reveals five different shared narratives: (1) dual identity; (2) being pro-Soviet; (3) a fight for Ukrainian identity; (4) a recognition of Ukrainian identity; and (5) a multicultural-civic concept. Each narrative is characterized by three main features: a coherent structure with strong internal logic and justification of its legitimacy; connection to a specific conception of power and morality; and an opposition to other narratives. All these features lead to the perception of society as a zero-sum game where one narrative must prevail over all others. At the same time, all these features ensure that there can be neither an overwhelming victory of one narrative over others nor a satisfying compromise between them. The results shed light on the complex process of narrative construction of identity and power in newly independent states.