论社会形势中的不确定性与社会稳定

社会形势中的不确定性是指国际国内形势中对我国安全与稳定有可能产生严重影响乃至全局性影响的潜在因素。它具有参量增多,内容与形式多样化;变量剧增,引发各种突发事件的概率提高;能见度差,演变过程与趋势不清晰等主要特征。所以,必须运用自然科学方法研究社会形势中的不确定性,努力把握由模糊关系和偶然性造成之不确定性,建立社会形势“安全阀”、“缓冲带”,提高控制有组织犯罪的能力,建立健全社会安全与稳定的预警机制。     

Big dreams and small steps: comparative perspectives on the social movement struggle for democracy in Serbia and North Macedonia

ABSTRACT

This paper provides a comparative analysis of social movements’ characteristics and capacities to struggle against illiberal tendencies and incite political change in Serbia and North Macedonia. First, we discuss the illiberal elements of political regimes in the countries in question, Serbia and North Macedonia. Then, we provide a comprehensive overview of progressive social movements in the two countries, formed and organized as a response to different authoritarian and non-democratic tendencies. Finally, we point to some differences in their organizing, coalition-forging and issue-defining principles, which, we believe, may help to explain the relative success of social movements in North Macedonia in producing relevant political outcomes, compared to the weak political impact of social movements in Serbia. Empirical data were collected during the summer of 2018 through in-depth interviews with members of social movements in North Macedonia and Serbia.     

“现代化”概念及其内涵

人们对现代化的理解是逐步深化、逐步清晰的。社会学、经济学、政治学的经典论述和当代学界提出的关于现代化的各种"标准",对现代化涵义做了分类和概括,最后落脚到社会转型来理解现代化。从社会转型来看,现代化包括工业化、城市化、开放化、分工化、平等化等五个由浅入深的方面。改革开放以来,社会转型较浅的层面进展显著,较深的层面进展不显著。认识这一点,有利于人们在我国现代化进程中保持既积极又冷静的态度,从而做到既积极进取,又不急躁冒进。     

引领人民向自由前进的航标——浅评卢梭的《社会契约论》

卢梭的《社会契约论》既是一部政治学著作,又是一部法学著作,是世界思想史上的重要古典文献之一。本文即从它的历史背景出发,对其"自由与平等"的目标、性质以及"主权在民"的重要思想进行了浅显的评析。     

The Evolving Structure of the Environmental Justice Movement in the United States: New Models for Democratic Decision-Making

Over the last two decades in the United States, mainstream environmental organizations have reduced, rather than increased, democratic participation by citizens in environmental problem-solving. The environmental justice movement, on the other hand, has served to enlarge the constituency of the environmental movement by incorporating poorer communities and oppressed people of color into environmental decision making process; build community capacity by developing campaigns and projects that address the common links between various social and environmental problems; and facilitate community empowerment by emphasizing grassroots organizing over advocacy. This paper outlines the different components in the environmental justice movement. It is our contention that if researchers and policymakers continue to conceive of the ecological crisis as a collection of unrelated problems, then it is possible that some combination of regulations, incentives, and technical innovations can keep pollution and resource destruction at tolerable levels for more affluent socioeconomic populations. However, poor working class communities and people of color which lack the political–economic resources to defend themselves will continue to suffer the worst abuses. However, if the interdependency of issues is emphasized as advocated by the environmental justice movement, then a transformative environmental politics can be invented.     

有组织犯罪的成因及对策

现阶段,我国带黑社会性质的有组织犯罪呈逐年上升之势。有组织犯罪的产生有其深刻的社 会原因。根治有组织犯罪的对策不能过于单一,更不是仅靠“严打”所能解决的,必须采取 多方位的综合措施。     

中国法学教育百年回眸

本文回顾了中国法学教育的概况,指出了每一发展阶段的基本特点,并在此基础上作了认真的反思,特别是重点分析了法学教育与社会变革、法学教育与职业教育、法学教育与高等教育的相互关系,以探索法学教育的规律。     

加快发展社会中介组织 迎接WTO后时代挑战

社会中介组织对社会的组织化程度和社会、经济运行效率及管理的科学性都有重要的作用和影响。发展社会中介组织既是市场经济条件下降低交易成本和我国加入WTO与国际接轨的需要,也是政企分开、转变政府职能的关键性措施,因而是调整国家与社会关系、走向现代化的重要步骤。目前我国社会中介组织的发展面临种种问题,应当制定和采取相应对策。     

Public Opinion and Collective Obligations

This article attempts to identify the general principles that underlie public reasoning about collective obligations and that help explain when political parties can create new obligations or defend existing ones. I use these principles to President Clinton’s unsuccessful attempt to create government health-care plan and attempts by President Bush to privatize Social Security. The success of a party in selling – or defeating – an obligation depends upon what people believe about the competence and capacity of government and the value of autonomy – choices made by each citizen; whether people perceive the obligation as providing floors or establishing ceilings by limiting choice or otherwise restricting opportunities for the better-off; and whether the program is more like insurance or more like welfare. A party’s ability to maintain credibility with voters also depends upon whether party leaders can suppress issues that threaten intra-party elite pacts. When attempts to suppress “taboo” issues like “stem cells” or “black crime” fail, the party loses credibility with its voters and attempts to defend or sell obligations fail.

社会主义初级阶段理论的社会．转型观

在当代历史条件下 ,要理解中国社会转型的历史地位就必须正确认识当代中国社会主义建设实践与当代中国社会转型实践的关系。中国共产党关于社会主义初级阶段的理论正确解决了当代中国社会主义建设实践与当代中国社会转型实践的关系问题 ,从而为当代中国社会转型的历史定位奠定了历史观理论基础。