跨入21世纪后的东南亚经济

在世纪之交,东南亚国家经济出现了急剧的波动。2001年,各国家经济又急转直下,甚至出现负增长。面对国内经济的迅速衰退,东南亚国家政府积极采取措施,大力实施国内经济重组与调整。在世界经济周期波动的冲击和金融危机后国内经济转型与结构调整的拖累下,东南亚经济短期前景不容乐观。     

Applying frame analysis and reframing for integrated conservation and development: example from Mumbai

The way we frame a given problem structures the content that is brought into focus and thus the kinds of practical steps seen as necessary to alleviate it. This article interrogates two competing partial framings implicated in ongoing controversy over mangrove destruction in Vikhroli East, Mumbai, which have precluded integrated conservation and development. The article analyses the content of each particular framing, identifies their respective “blind spots”, and evaluates the validity of various frame components. It concludes with an exemplary alternative reframing arguably more conducive to social justice and sustainability in Vikhroli East and beyond.     

中国的东北亚难题:中日、中韩和中朝关系的战略安全形势

中国和日本都在实行某种总体上对于对方的战略“双轨”方针,一方面谋求在有限程度上改善关系,另一方面继续进行战略对峙和战略预防。中国需要进一步稳定目前的中日关系,继续缓解对抗,防止军事冲突,同时依靠缓解对抗来阻滞日本行进中的解禁集体自卫权进程。美韩两国在韩部署“萨德”反导系统的决定导致中国强烈愤怒,中韩关系随之急剧和显著地恶化。然而,争取和维持韩国对中国的基本或起码友善这个重大利益依然存在,它密切地关系到防止和制止朝鲜半岛成为美国针对中国的战略/军事堡垒,因而中国对韩国要不将任何基本的事情“做绝”,尽可能不主动损伤中韩关系多年发展造就的每一项已有的重大成果。中国在朝鲜和朝鲜半岛问题上有六项很经久的核心利益或重大利害,它们都对中国至关紧要,因而总的来说不能扬此抑彼,更不能舍彼取此。必须估计到,朝鲜问题上对中国总的来说有利的、基本和平地解决问题的时机早已过去,今后该问题的前途对中国来说都严重不祥。因而,从长远出发特别重要的是,对朝决不将任何基本的事情“做绝”,防止或阻止朝鲜持对华持久敌视态度;任何情况下都决不容许美国和美韩同盟在军事上控制朝鲜半岛北部。     

可行性及其路径

在中国周边次区域中,东北亚地区安全困境最为严重,而该地区对于中国实现和平稳定与发展繁荣具有重大意义。具备区域合作重要属性的“一带一路”倡议能有效缓解安全困境。东北亚地区之所以成为“一带一路”倡议的缺口,主要由于朝鲜半岛紧张局势高居高不下、美国因素的负面影响、中日竞争关系的影响存在,这些因素的根源又是该地区的“安全困境”。将东北亚地区逐步纳入“一带一路”能在一定程度上缓解该地区的安全困境,并为深化东北亚区域合作提供新的动力,两者有望形成良性循环。俄罗斯、蒙古国和韩国对中国的“一带一路”倡议态度积极,朝鲜也表现出一定的兴趣,日本和美国态度复杂,但已经很难置身度外。在推动东北亚地区纳入“一带一路”倡议时,需先从双边合作入手,争取各国均加入到“一带一路”倡议和亚洲基础设施投资银行;然后扩大到中日韩、中俄朝和中朝韩三边合作;进而扩大到多边范围,在亚洲基础设施投资银行下设立“东北亚建设资金”,专注于东北亚项目投资;。同时激活和利用大图们江开发计划和长吉图国家发展战略。     

Customary and contemporary resources for women's empowerment in Bangladesh

In Bangladesh, dramatic social and economic changes are transforming historical forms of patriarchy with various impacts on pathways to women's empowerment. We hypothesised contemporary resources would be more strongly associated with women's empowerment, as reflected in their influence in family decisions. In cross-sectional analysis, we found the contemporary resources of employment and membership in NGOs were most strongly and consistently associated with women's influence in family decisions. Education was only modestly associated, as were customary resources, including age and fertility. Programmatic efforts to enhance women's empowerment should consider the rapidly changing environment and the importance of women's economic participation.     

Resettlement and risk of adverse incorporation: the case of the Polavaram dam

This article argues that people involuntarily displaced by development projects face the risk of adverse incorporation into local processes of development, and that resettlement programmes should aim at mitigating this risk. The article also contends that investigating the risk of adverse incorporation enables the identification of context-specific factors and processes that are likely to affect the outcomes of resettlement. The argument is applied to the case of the Polavaram dam in Andhra Pradesh, India, which will displace 200,000 people. It demonstrates that the affected people face the risk of being exposed to landlessness, fragmentation of landholdings, and casualisation of labour as a result of resettlement.     

东亚地区主义:源起、动因及未来走向

真正意义上的东亚地区主义萌芽可以追溯到20世纪90年代,东亚国家间不断增长的经济上的相互依赖,来自地区外的多重压力、地区内认同力量不断增强以及东亚各国对权力平衡的追逐等共同推动了东亚地区主义的发展。但由于东亚地区的现实环境与客观条件,东亚地区主义只能选择通过采取务实合作,实现和维护地区的和平与发展。     

福建歌仔戏向东南亚传播的历史回顾与探析

海外移民社会的形成,为福建歌仔戏向东南亚传播创造了条件,东南亚地区因此成为福建歌仔戏海外传播的重要区域。改革开放后,受国家政策的鼓励,厦门歌仔戏剧团、漳州芗剧团等纷纷走出国门,参与国际交流,向东南亚观众展示福建戏曲的艺术魅力。福建歌仔戏的海外出访在联络乡情、传播文化、促进经济发展等方面都有重要的贡献。     

Combining sanitation and women's participation in water supply: an example from Rajasthan

Water supply and sanitation provision are key elements in progress towards the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Women's participation is considered integral to the sustainability of the projects created to meet these two MDGs. Bringing feminist and geographic critiques to bear on gendered approaches to improving sanitation coverage, the research reported on in this article indicates that latrine building and women's participation may be contradictory goals for sanitation projects, despite the fact that women are the target group for latrine-building interventions. The findings of the analysis suggest that attention must be given to latrine building as both a technical undertaking and a gendered political intervention.     

NGO workers’ internalisation of the human rights-based approach in Bangladesh

The Western origin of human rights raises the question of how the human rights-based approach to development (HRBA) is understood in non-Western countries. This article explores individual practitioners’ perceptions of the HRBA in an NGO working in Bangladesh, drawing on interviews with its workers. The data suggest that participants accept the universal values of human rights and make sense of the HRBA influenced by their organisational and national contexts. Conceptualising this process as “internalisation”, this article argues that the organisational support and workers’ field experience are critical for incorporating contextual consideration into their interpretation and practice of the HRBA.