The nature of the Mādhyamika trick

This paper evaluates several recent efforts to interpret the work of Nāgārjuna through the lens of modern symbolic logic. An attempt is made to uncover the premises that justify the use of symbolic logic for this purpose. This is accomplished through a discussion of (1) the historical origins of those premises in the Indian and Tibetan traditions, and (2) how such assumptions prejudice our understanding of Nāgā rjuna’s insistence that he has no “proposition” (pratijñā). Finally, the paper sets forth an alternative interpretation that takes into account the literary dimensions of Nāgārjuna’s writing.     

极穷权边界的限定性研究——以一则震区哄抢事件为例说明

震区哄抢事件引发了公众对于灾民哄抢行为罪与非罪界定的讨论,紧急避险和权利冲突理论告诉我们极穷状态下的哄抢行为并非犯罪,因为此时对生命的尊重与保障处于最为优先的地位,而划清罪与非罪界限的关键节点则在于对极穷权的边界进行限定。     

Exploring the “Lost and Found” of Justice Theory and Research

Scientific interest in the nature of how people think about justice and fairness began approximately 70 years ago with Stouffer’s classic study on the American soldier. Since then there have been numerous theoretical frameworks and thousands of research studies conducted on what people perceive as fair and the consequences of making a fairness judgment. The goal of this article is to dig through the “lost and found” box of justice research in an attempt to re-examine where we have been, issues and ideas we may have forgotten, and to gain insight on directions we may want to go in the future. The key rediscovery of this review is that perspective matters. Specifically, how people interpret fairness depends critically on whether they are viewing a situation in terms of their material, social, or moral needs and goals. The implications of adopting a contingent theory of how people reason about fairness are discussed.

Symbolic ideology in the American electorate

Ideological self-identification in the United States is well measured for the period 1970 to the present. Many survey measures are available and they are posed with considerable frequency and regularity. It is thus a relatively straightforward methodological exercise to combine them into a single measure of the American public's latent disposition to identify as liberal or conservative. What is problematic about this state of affairs is that the availability of these good measures occurs after a number of important changes in the American political context, changes that, we argue, have affected how Americans conceive of ideological terms and how scholars think about self-identification in the modern electorate. This paper seeks to measure and explain ideological self-identification in the time before modern survey research. We undertake an historical analysis of scattered pieces of public opinion data before 1970, assembling the pieces to build a time series of self-identification from 1937 to 2006. We then begin attempts at explaining the now observable, and often dramatic, changes in this series.     

Three-Fifths a Racist: A Typology for Analyzing Public Opinion About Race

Is race politics primarily about symbolic racism, principled conservatism, or group conflict? After almost three decades, this debate among some of our best scholars seems scarcely closer to resolution, yet the theoretical, empirical, and normative issues at stake remain enormous. All three parties to the debate falsely assume that the causal structure driving opinion about race policy is homogenous. I reorient and advance the debate by showing how a methodological shift to a data-driven taxonomy of subjects can elucidate how race politics really is complex. I use this taxonomy to run new analyses, and to explain and assess the seemingly contradictory results of previous contributions to the debate. Each of the major parties to the debate is partially right in their account of public opinion about race politics, but about independently identifiable sub-sets of subjects.     

区块链智能合约场景下共犯归责逻辑的应对与重塑

伴随着区块链技术的社会整合进程,以智能合约为载体的新型共犯样本呈现出异化形态,对此传统共犯归责模式面临"去中心"环境下网络平台的监管弱化、"假名主义"环境下交互主体的参与虚化、合约主体意思联络"单向一次性"的归责困境,需在尊重数字逻辑的前提下联动调整共犯归责逻辑,以实现智能合约共犯归责范阈的外限界定与内限梳清.在外部界...     

Building transregional and historical connections: Uyghur architecture in urban Xinjiang

Economic investment and the growing immigration of Han Chinese from other parts of China to the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region over the last three decades have increased the presence of eastern Chinese architecture in the urban built environment. This paper refers to the making of, residing in and speaking about the materiality of urban architecture by Turkic-speaking Muslim Uyghur middle-class actors. Besides creating personal comfort through Uyghur elements they draw ethnic boundaries to the Han Chinese. In highlighting the materiality of architecture, the analysis expands beyond the individual house by investigating the ways in which urban architecture offers spaces of meaning for social and ethnic communities. Based on ethnographic data, this paper argues that due to the political context and the state-controlled urban development with Chinese characteristics, urban Uyghur architecture was relegated from the outside of houses to an emphasis on interior decoration.     

乡镇治理新转型及其整合困境——基于皖中G乡的经验研究

当前,以民生为重点的社会政策使广大农民得到实惠的同时,却使乡镇治理陷入了分化与整合的两难境地。皖中G乡的经验研究表明:乡村人口的频繁流动、公共生活的逐渐衰落,以及广大农民对乡村组织信任度的不断降低,使得乡镇治理不是悬浮在乡村社会之上,就是处于个体化的乡村社会与国家一统性政策之间的信任困境之中。因而,从一定意义上来说,当前农村实行的统合性社会政策不仅增加了乡村社会生活的风险,而且增加了乡村基层组织的整合难度。因此,为了达到乡村社会的善治,乡镇政权必须进行改革、重建取信于民的政治权威。     

Recent interpretations of ideology

The ‘emergence’ of the ‘market’ as the basis of economic and political decision-making has become a main focus of debate within the social sciences since the late 1970s. Even while those opposing the growing centrality of neo-classical economics and market-oriented political discourses remain a significant academic constituency, within their ranks there has been a growing realization that regulatory mechanisms, and in particular the role of the state, have nevertheless been the subject of extensive changes. Alternative schools of thought have argued in terms of the way in which such mechanisms have been refashioned. Regulation has become, in the words of Regini and Majone, ‘transferred’ and the ‘boundaries’ between regulator and regulated ‘changed’: the regulatory process has been seen to shift at the macro/national level and at the micro/enterprise level. While supporting the general argument that it is the boundaries of regulation which are to be discussed, not its presence, we shall nevertheless argue that these changes are, if anything, more contentious and that a set of ironies emerges which politicize regulation even further.     

现代产业组织理论中的企业与市场观及其启示

20世纪 8 0年代以来在西方出现的新产业组织理论给整个西方经济学带来了巨大的影响和冲击。贯穿于新产业组织理论中的现代企业观和市场观是其整个学说的核心 ,同时也是某些前沿经济理论得以衍生的重要基础。学习和了解该理论关于企业和市场的论述 ,不仅使我们能够洞悉西方经济理论发展的最新进程和方向 ,而且有助于我们用客观、发展的眼光来看待当代西方经济理论 ,并能够更好地从中汲取有用的东西 ,服务于我国现实经济活动。