互联网使用、风险感知与城市居民的健康研究

人民健康是一个国家经济发展的重要基础,也是国家富强的重要标志。在互联网使用、风险感知对城市居民健康的影响中,研究发现,互联网使用和风险感知均对城市居民健康具有显著影响,使用互联网能够一定程度上提升居民健康水平,风险感知对居民健康则有消极影响。此外,风险感知在互联网使用与居民健康水平之间存在遮掩效应。为了提升城市居民健康水平,不仅要推动互联网高质量发展,更要加强对社会风险的防范与管理。     

Women’s international Democratic Federation,the ‘Third World’ and the Global Cold War from the late-1950s to the mid-1960s

ABSTRACT

This article examines the work of the Women’s International Democratic Federation (WIDF) with women from Africa, Asia and Latin America. It analyzes their role in the WIDF’s decision-making process and activities during a period marked by decolonization and the intensification of women’s rights activism outside Europe. This analysis contributes to a better understanding of the extent to which the WIDF’s official position on support for the rights of women in the Global South was translated into the practical work of organization. The article is based on materials from Moscow archives that have hitherto not been explored in research on the WIDF. It shows that, in spite of the WIDF’s formal anti-colonial stance, women from the Global South were not always given a voice or able to insert their demands into WIDF policy.     

西南少数民族人祖神话透析

灾后遗留人种繁衍人类的神话,世界范围内均有发现,而尤以中国西南地区最为集中。学者们研究此类神话时使用了洪水神话、人类起源神话、兄妹婚神话、人祖神话、创世神话等众多不同的概念。对比来看,人祖神话在概括此类神话的主题,以及统领神话对应的信仰方面,更为妥当。需要指出的是,学界使用人祖神话进行研究成果不多,且较少对这一概念进行严格的内涵限定,导致其与"人类起源神话"这一涵盖更广的概念等同使用。事实上,人祖神话是人类起源神话的一种独特类型,是讲述大灾难后遗留的人种重新繁衍人类并被奉为人祖的神话。以人为祖这一突出特征使人祖神话区别于其它类型的人类起源神话。     

中国城市基层社会自治发展的路径——以改革开放以来城市人民调解制度的发展为例

近年来,随着国家治理体系的逐步完善,基层群众性自治获得了新的发展机遇。以改革开放以来人民调解制度的发展为例,在国家推动下,城市人民调解制度经历了重要变革:一方面,人民调解被当做司法助手、社会综合治理体系的组成部分、多元化纠纷解决机制的重要构成而逐渐被国家吸纳;另一方面,人民调解不仅在组织和功能上得到了扩张,而且在行为方式上表现为科层化发展,从而突破了地域性、群众性和自治性。通过治理吸纳自治,城市人民调解制度被纳入地方性国家科层制的框架,成为国家治理体系的组成部分。从城市人民调解制度的发展中可以看到,中国基层社会自治的发展道路既不同于随着市场经济和个人权利发展而形成的西方城市社会自治发展的市场化路径,也有别于依赖伦理道德而形成的中国传统基层自治发展的社会化路径,而是一种国家化路径。     

逻辑与建构:党在政协系统的基层组织建设研究

党在政协系统的基层组织建设有理念、实践及制度的必然逻辑。党的十九大以来,围绕基层组织建设中央层面不断进行政策倡导,政协系统从全国政协到地方政协相继展开建制实践。政协系统出台党建文本,层级越高,模仿追随的特征越明显;层级越低,主动建构的特征越突出。对政协系统党的基层组织设置的不同形态进行比较,对组织建构中出现的“形态差异”提出理论解释,将“非标准形态”列入党的组织体系,形成规范化的组织设置文本,完善人民政协专门协商机构与党的组织体系相配套的衔接与联系机制。     

Attentional biases to emotion in impulsive and instrumental violent offenders: an event-related potential study

Background: Interpersonal violent behavior is often induced by extreme emotional states but the effects of emotional stimuli on this behavior remain poorly understood. Aim: We compared the effects of emotional stimuli on behavior in individuals with a history of impulsive or instrumental violence to test for either general problems in processing of emotional stimuli or problems in disengagement from this type of information. Methods: Behavioral and electrophysiological data were collected using emotional stimuli preceding a Posner Cuing Task. Results: Impulsive violent individuals showed more attentional resource allocation to angry faces whereas instrumental violent individuals attended less to sad faces. Electrophysiological measures showed there were differences in attentional allocation leading to differences when disengaging from invalid emotional cues, rather than a pattern indicating differences in early processing in extrastriate cortex. Conclusions: Different emotion–attention problems are seen in impulsive and instrumental violent offenders due to abnormalities in disengaging attention from specific types of emotional content.     

全球化与中国的“一国两制”

改革开放和“一国两制”是中国特色社会主义的重要组成部分.中国实行改革开放政策、迅速融人世界经济轨道的过程是与提出并实现“一国两制”方针同步完成的.改革开放和“一国两制”是中国实现全球化进程中作出的两个重要决策；“一国两制”是全球化条件下中国实现新时期三大任务的必然要求,也是走改革开放道路的必然结果；全球化给中国带来了新变化,同时,中国的发展也给全球化作出了新贡献；坚持中国特色社会主义制度是实现改革开放政策、“一国两制”方针的根本保证.     

医学临床实践教学中患者隐私权的保护

处理临床实践教学与患者隐私权保护的冲突,要求在隐私利益让渡过程中,充分体现患者的主体性,通过知情同意规则实现临床教学对患者隐私的规范化索取和利用.同时,在临床教学中,患者隐私权应有一定的限度,在特定情况下应排除隐私权的适用.     

法庭警察权研究

法庭警察权乃法院为维护法庭秩序及审判的威严所享有的采取秩序措施及施加秩序罚的权力。法庭警察权有妨害预防作用、妨害排除作用与妨害制裁作用三种基本形态。基于法庭秩序维护的实效性与法庭警察权实施基础的客观实在性,法庭警察权依附于裁判权,由担当裁判权的法院行使。法庭警察权以功能意义上的法庭为其实施的时空范围,以妨害法庭秩序及审判威严的行为及状态为规制对象。对于妨害法庭秩序的行为实施何种作用形态的法庭警察权取决于法院的合目的性裁量,应受比例原则的规制。法庭警察权在我国由三大诉讼法分别规范,不仅未能科学地体认法庭警察权的性质,也未能正确地廓清法庭警察权应有的实施边界,加剧了司法实务中法庭警察权制度适用之乱象,亟待统一立法构建。     

Legacy Contaminants of Emerging Concern: Lead (Pb), Flint (MI), and Human Health

Abstract

As a heavy metal industrially mined for millenia, lead (Pb) is a legacy contaminant. It is also a contaminant of emerging concern because of its persistence, toxicity, and recent discovery of its resurgence in drinking water serving homes and schools, recently and most notoriously in Flint, Michigan. Concern about lead, however, has reemerged beyond Flint, exemplifying adoption of bad science policy despite availability of relevant good science. Much is known about lead toxicity, and profiled here. Whereas adults chronically exposed to lead may experience peripheral neuropathy, infants and children are more susceptible. They constitute sensitive subpopulations because their blood-brain barriers are immature, making them susceptible to central nervous system effects, most notably reduced IQ, when lead penetrates to developing brains. Failure to protect disadvantaged populations in Flint and beyond despite availability of proven science and inexpensive technology also exemplifies instances of environmental injustice. Emerging concern about lead thus illustrates failure of social as well as science policy. A critical lesson to be learned is that vigilance must be maintained, as knowledge about lead exposure and toxic effects provided by science does not automatically result in consistent and evenhanded legal and regulatory protection provided by government.