Pacifying and integrating the favelas of Rio de Janeiro An evaluation of the impact of the UPP program on favela residents

In 2008, to curb the violence in the city and in preparation for its bid to host the World Cup and the Olympic Games, Rio de Janeiro installed the “Unidades de Policia Pacificadora” (UPP) program. The aim of this program is to increase security by restoring state control in the favelas and by integrating the favelas and their residents into the formal city. Based on an extensive literature review and 30 (in-depth) interviews with key stakeholders, including favela residents, this article evaluates the extent to which the UPP program has reached its goals 5 years after it was introduced. It concludes that the UPP program has deeply impacted the lives of favela residents. Fewer incidents of lethal violence have been registered. At the same time, residents generally feel safer, and pacified favelas have been integrated to some extent in the formal city. But these achievements have – literally – come at a price. Baile funk has left the favelas and the increased costs for public services and housing have compelled some residents to move to marginalized parts of the city.     

数字竞赛与双重博弈:对易地扶贫搬迁政策执行偏差的一种解释

基层政策执行会出现偏差已经成为学界的共识,但是对于此问题的分析机制并不明晰,多数研究均是从单一视角予以阐释。通过深入考察易地搬迁中“拆旧复垦”政策的具体执行过程,从自上而下与自下而上相互融合视角入手,讨论“拆旧复垦”政策如何在不同利益主体的互构下发生了转变,为何完美的指标数据与文字背后却发现政策执行陷入模糊或搁置状态。从案例解构结果来看,在发展导向的逻辑下,基层政府通过主动加码寻求搬迁规模最大化以谋求在“数字竞赛”中胜出;在压力型体制的上下博弈中,基层政府采取拼凑应对的模糊执行策略以有效应对自上而下的政绩考核;在不完全信息状态的混合博弈中,政策受众在理性计算之下与基层政府形成了“合谋的沉默”。文章的贡献在于,对基层政策执行偏差的解释没有囿于讨论科层结构的弊端,而是从政策设计本身以及不同利益主体互构的视角出发解读其内在逻辑。     

北京奥运会与我国志愿者立法

2008年北京奥运会极大地推动了我国志愿者活动的开展,加快了我国志愿者立法工作的步伐.从1999年我国第一部志愿者立法出台,至今已有16个省市制定实施了有关志愿者的地方性法规.分析和总结我国志愿者立法的经验,以北京奥运会为契机,提出制定国务院《中国志愿者服务促进条例》的我国志愿者立法的总体思路,并对具体制度设计予以论证,以期完善我国志愿者服务法律制度.     

奥林匹克运动中运动员权利问题研究

实践中,人们非常关注国际奥委会、国际单项体育联合会、国家奥委会及奥运会组委会等强势权力主体的利益,有意或无意地忽视了处于弱势地位的运动员的权益.事实上,无论主体强或弱,他对利益的诉求总是能动的,忽视其权利的实现必将带来利益秩序的紊乱.本研究在分析奥林匹克法律体系的基础上,对运动员的基本人权、身体健康权、公平竞争权、教育权及职业保障权、听证、申辩等权利救济的程序性权利进行了阐述,并从奥林匹克运动的立法行为、裁判行为、经济与合同行为、金牌追求的"异化"行为五个方面探讨了奥林匹克实践中侵害运动员权利的现象,最后提出了维护运动员权利,保障奥林匹克运营秩序的建议.     

Reforming the equilibrium? Veto players and policy change in the European constitution-building process

The EU currently experiences a reform dilemma which is common to many international organizations composed of a large number of veto players who must adopt a change of the status quo. After the accession of ten countries in May 2004, the 25 governmental veto players adopted a modest reform text that proposes as many changes as it retains provisions of the Nice treaty. This ambivalent outcome raised much criticism and has been rejected by the French and Dutch voters who had to ratify the reform. This raises questions on the reasons for change and stability in organizations which attempt to reform their obsolete provisions under the constraint of many (types of) veto players. This study examines under which conditions the positions of the different types of veto players—governments, parliamentary ratification pivots, median voters and the supranational actors—are important to explain the outcome of the draft treaty. Our results suggest that the probability for reform is only determined by governmental gains when we control for parliamentary ratification pivots and median voters from status quo-prone member states. We also find that governments favoring the status quo retain their veto in case either parliaments or voters favor reform. This responsiveness is supported by the fact that median voters also matter when member states did not announce a referendum.     

Two-level games,issue politicization and the disarray of Taiwan’s cross-strait policy after the 2000 presidential election

This study aims to illuminate the interactive relationship between domestic politics and external policy in Taiwan’s mainland China policy after the 2000 presidential election. Following the logic of Putnam's two-level games, this paper demonstrates how the newly elected President Chen Shui-bian adopted an ambiguous and evasive approach as well as frequently shifted positions in his dealings with the mainland China issue due to the constraints of his pro-independence constituents and a vigilant, anti-independence Beijing. Employing Knopf's three-to-three games as well as Puchala’s issue politicization, it further shows how Taiwan's opposition parties—the KMT, the PFP, and the NP—as well as Chen's political rivals, took advantage of Chen’s inability to break the Strait impasse by initiating active engagement with Beijing in order to gain political advantages.     

北京奥运会对中国公民意识的影响

北京奥运会不管是在政治、经济、文化还是个人意识上,都给中国社会发展进程刻上了一道鲜明的印记。变化并不是偶然的,究其社会原因主要有三点：一是政府倡议的影响;二是媒介的宣传效应;三是汶川大地震后民族团结精神的感染和延续。     

青岛市发展循环经济 建设循环型经济社会的研究

对目前经济社会发展所面临的环境问题进行了对比分析,阐述了发展循环经济、建设循环型经济社会对实现我国经济社会可持续发展的重要意义,同时分析了青岛市发展循环经济、建立循环型经济社会的可能性和必要性,提出了相应对策.     

2008奥运与数字北京

北京将举办 2 0 0 8年奥运会 ,为中国提供了难得的发展机遇和重大挑战。结合中国的实际 ,针对实现“绿色、科技、人文、可持续发展”北京奥运目标 ,阐述了城市数字化和建筑智能化是历史发展的必然     

奥运赞助中的隐性市场行为及其法律规制

奥运会隐性市场行为是指一个企业或组织把它自己直接或间接地和奥运会联系起来,以便获得一个官方赞助商应有的某些认可和利益的一个有计划的努力或运动.奥运会隐性市场行为对奥运会及其赞助商的利益构成极大的损害和威胁.针对奥运会市场推广中出现的"隐性市场行为"现象,在分析其涵义、表现形式以及影响基础上,介绍了世界各国规制隐性市场行为的立法、司法以及执法措施,并对北京奥运会应当如何规制和打击隐性市场行为提出了法律建议.