US bureaucratic politics and the decision to invade Iraq

Why did the second Bush administration decide to invade Iraq in 2003? This article suggests that the question can usefully be addressed by looking at the ways in which regime change in Iraq became part of bureaucratic politics within the US government – under successive administrations – following the unsatisfactory termination of the first Gulf War in 1991. It is contended here that the limitations on bureaucratic politics within the second Bush administration were important in that the path toward a presidential decision for invasion was cleared by the failure of the higher echelons of the national security bureaucracy under Bush to work effectively in exercising core functions of challenge and debate.     

北京政法职业学院信息技术系近四届毕业生跟踪调查报告

2011年北京政法职业学院信息技术系对本系近四年的毕业生约500人进行了跟踪调查,采用的调查方法基本能够科学、准确地反映出近四届毕业生的工作现状。调查的结果包括毕业生就业岗位情况、用人单位对我系毕业生的评价、毕业生自身薪酬情况、毕业生对自身工作的态度及毕业生自身专业与从事工作的相关程度等内容,并形成相关的对策建议,对我系专业课程的设置及对学生的技能培养有现实的指导意义。     

The dynamics of federalism,subnational markets and trade policy-making in Canada and the US

Preferential trade agreements are now the dominant trend in the international trading regime. Unlike earlier ‘first generation’ agreements, the new agreements became more comprehensive in their coverage, impinging on areas that are subject to subnational jurisdiction of federal systems. Given constitutionally-prescribed competences allocated to subnational governments, the diversity of interests and sensitivities of subnational entities bring deeply entrenched regulatory practices under scrutiny. Few studies have focused on whether the combination of economic liberalization and political fragmentation will push federal and sub-federal entities to address domestic market fragmentation. We examine whether international market liberalization fosters domestic regulatory and structural reforms to cross-border barriers to trade in Canada and the United States. We show that while the political incentives and functional pressures generated by free trade agreements have fostered attempts at addressing internal market restrictions in Canada, the US has not followed the same path due to weaker mechanisms of intergovernmental coordination.     

关于索马里危机的地缘经济与政治思考——兼论罗佐夫分析索马里危机的独特视角

亚丁湾海盗问题似乎已经渐渐淡出人们的视野,然而索马里问题依然十分值得人们关注。里克·罗佐夫从地缘经济和地缘政治的角度探讨了索马里危机的性质,认为美国和北约为其军事目的和确保其全球能源主导地位而采取控制整个印度洋的计划与行动,才是索马里的真正危机。尽管罗佐夫对索马里危机的一些分析还不够到位,但他对国际社会的提醒却并不是多余的。解决索马里问题必须从根子上着手。中国必须正视国际霸权存在的现实,在努力提高自身软实力的同时也要十分重视硬实力的继续提升。     

美国反补贴法的“前世”与“今生”——以4105法案为界

美国是世界上最早采取反补贴措施的国家。关贸总协议成立之前,美国的反补贴法是具有代表性的反补贴法律规范。伴随着多边贸易体制的发展,美国反补贴法也在进一步完善,不仅增加了“国内产业损害”的实质性要求,还修订了征收反补贴税和启动司法审查的具体程序,规定了行政当局初裁和终裁的期限,赋予国内生产商申请法律救济的途径。反补贴法还授权总统就补贴协议与外国进行谈判。然而长期以来,美国反补贴法在是否适用于非市场经济这一问题上却一直语焉不详,这与同出一辙的反倾销法形成鲜明对比。2012年3月,美国国会通过了《对非市场经济国家使用反补贴税法案》（4105法案）,明确了反补贴法既适用于市场经济国家,也适用于非市场经济国家,这在美国反补贴立法史上具有分水岭意义。     

渤海溢油事故海洋生态损害赔偿研究——以墨西哥湾溢油自然资源损害赔偿为鉴

2011年我国渤海溢油事故引起社会强烈关注,尤其对我国海洋环境保护相关法律形成挑战。本文着眼于2010年墨西哥湾溢油事故中的相关赔偿问题,比较美国溢油自然资源损害赔偿制度,分析了渤海溢油事故中涉及的"海洋生态损害"的概念界定、责任主体与索赔主体、赔偿范围、索赔额度及评估标准等法律问题,总结并分析渤海溢油事故对完善我国海洋生态损害赔偿制度的启示。     

Cold War redux in US–Russia relations? The effects of US media framing and public opinion of the 2008 Russia–Georgia war

This paper examines the Cold War rhetoric in US–Russia relations by looking at the 2008 Russia–Georgia war as a major breaking point. We investigate the links between media, public opinion and foreign policy. In our content analysis of the coverage in two major US newspapers, we find that the framing of the conflict was anti-Russia, especially in the initial stages of the conflict. In addition, our survey results demonstrate that an increase in the media exposure of US respondents increased the likelihood of blaming Russia exclusively in the conflict. This case study helps us understand how media can be powerful in constructing a certain narrative of an international conflict, which can then affect public perceptions of other countries. We believe that the negative framing of Russia in the US media has had important implications for the already-tenuous relations between the US and Russia by reviving and perpetuating the Cold War mentality for the public as well as for foreign policymakers.     

中国医院社会工作的先行者——协和医院社会服务部个案研究

协和医院社会服务部对早期中国医院社会工作的形成和发展起了重要的推动作用。回顾和了解协和医院社会服务部的工作,对于今天在中国恢复重建医院社会工作会具有一定借鉴意义。协和医院社会服务部有相对成熟的组织结构和工作方式,从其取得的成效和表现出来的不足中,可以得出一些有益的启示。