Were Bosnian policy research organisations more effective in 2006 than in 2003? Did technical assistance play a role?

In 2003 the policy development process in Bosnia and Herzegovina was characterised by international community (IC) dominance. The IC provided the vast majority of the analysis of problems facing the country and drafted many of the laws. This article documents developments from fall 2003 to fall 2006 in the use of evidence and analysis in the policy development process and the role of local policy research organisations (PROs—often called think tanks) in it. The likely relation between these changes and the activities of a PRO mentoring project that operated over the same period is also assessed. Evidence comes as a series of interviews in both years with government officials and members of parliament, on the one hand, and leaders of PROs and advocacy NGOs on the other. The broad picture that emerges from the above review is of a substantial positive development in the policy development process in Bosnia and Herzegovina over the period. Factual evidence and analysis are playing a much greater role, and PROs have been a major provider of this information. The evidence indicates that PROs have been successful in convincing the policy community that they are purveyors of objective, disinterested advice and analysis. The improvements occurred in a conducive environment that steadily placed greater responsibility for policy formation on Bosnian officials. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新中国成立初期知识分子政策出现反复的原因探析

知识分子政策是党的政策的重要组成部分。20世纪50年代我国知识分子政策出现失误的主要原因有：一是知识分子问题上的“左倾”思想根源，二是没有制定科学的知识分子政策，三是在全社会没有形成尊重知识、尊重人才的良好风气。因此，制定正确的知识分子政策，重视和发挥广大知识分子的聪明才智和作用，关系到中国社会主义现代化建设的进程和改革开放事业的成败，也关系到中华民族的盛衰。     

论我国文化产业政策的缺失及完善途径

我国文化产业政策对推动文化产业发展发挥了积极作用,但依然存在着一些亟待改进的问题.除了客观因素外,政策制定者认识上的偏差和政策体制设计的缺陷是主要原因。完善我国的文化产业政策,需要全面把握文化产业的战略地位,不断深化对文化产业发展规律的认识,完善我国的文化产业决策体制,实现决策过程的科学化、民主化和法制化。     

论明初中央政府治藏政策的调适与定型

明初中央政府治藏方略经历了"多封众建"、"以教固政"两个阶段,反映出治藏的步骤,首先明确了藏区是其治下的一部分,然后不断完善管理藏区的办法,实质上亦是其治藏政策的调适与定型的历史过程,之所以如此,一方面是明王朝的自身实力与当时的历史背景所决定的,另一方面表明明王朝对藏区社会认识与了解有一个不断深化的过程。     

高职院校经贸应用型人才培养模式的研究

中国对外贸易的不断发展,对外贸专业人才的需求不断增加,这对于外贸人才培养的机构是一个非常好的机遇。如何培养企业所需的经贸的经贸专业应用型人才是摆在经贸专业教师面前的一个重要课题,经贸系的部分专业教师开展了对高职经贸应用型人才培养模式的研究,试图创立“2＋1”人才培养的新模式,为经贸专业人才培养开辟新的思路,为经贸专业的学生就业拓宽新的渠道。     

Economic Reform and Social Change in China: Past, Present, and Future of the Economic State

China's socioeconomic crisis before 1978 and its success over the past two decades can be viewed as a zigzag process of politicization and depoliticization of the economic state. By summarizing the Chinese experience, this article shows the importance of a specific pattern of general public policy (GPP) in determining the nature of a policy system. China's economic and serialized reforms since 1978 are reviewed in order to illuminate the current situation and future direction of the nation. The changes have undermined the economic state by creating a trend of de-economicization in the Chinese government. If economic reform and social change are to continue smoothly, another transfer of state emphasis to more balanced development is required.     

世界银行的环境保护政策及其对我国的启示

世界银行的环境保护政策包括五个方面,即:环境评价、大坝安全、林业、自然栖息地和病虫害管理。世界银行的环境保护政策对我国的启示如下:一是树立新的发展理念;二是做好国际融资项目的环境影响评价工作;三是完善《环境影响评价法》,增强环境影响评价的独立性和权威性。     

“三农”政策执行中的障碍及克服路径

现阶段我国“三农”政策执行的障碍主要表现在:基层政府执行“三农”政策不力;农民表现被动;所需物质基础不牢固,等等。究其原因,主要在于作为政策执行的主体——基层政府有其内在局限性,农民的素质和组织化程度还不是很高,政策执行所需资源不足,政策执行机制存在弊端等。为此,要选择合适的路径来克服这些障碍性因素。     

What work makes policy?

The mainstream policy literature identifies a number of activities as part of ‘policy-making’: ‘policy analysis’, ‘policy advice’, ‘decision-making’, and perhaps also ‘implementation’ and ‘evaluation’. Describing policy in these terms is compatible with the Western cultural account, and these terms tend to be applied to positions, organisational segments and official procedures. But policy practitioners tend to find that on the one hand, their experience of their work bears little resemblance to the assumptions in this policy-making model, and on the other, that policy outcomes seem to reflect much broader processes than the work of specialist functionaries. On closer examination, we find that our thinking about policy activity draws on several distinct and potentially conflicting perspectives, and that what is seen as ‘policy work’ depends on the conceptualisation of the policy process. Framing the question in this way helps to understand the apparent differences between mainstream (American) accounts of policy activity and policy practice in other political systems.