少数民族学生教育管理工作实证分析与应对举措——以F省N大学为例

内地高校新疆少数民族大学生的教育管理存在一些困难。虽然高校不断探索新的途径,但由于困境的特殊性,很难从根本上解决。学生层面,在生活、语言和心理、社会交往和学业表现等方面都存在诸多困难。教育管理层面,内地高校的教育和管理者对新疆的地域条件、社会条件、人文、民俗等缺乏全面了解,在一定程度上存在无知、不敢管、盲目管理等问题。作为一个普遍存在的问题,已经在高校教育管理者中形成共识。F省N大学从新疆少数民族招生,在教育管理方面积累了许多宝贵经验,取得了良好的成绩。与其他高校相比,教育管理面临的困难和实施的策略既有共性问题,也有个性问题。针对存在的问题,N大学仍在积极探索有效的途径。     

乡村振兴中少数民族主体地位的实现路径——基于社会创业的视角

社会因素与经济因素相互作用共同影响着少数民族农牧民的经济活动安排,重视经济理性而忽视经济行为背后的社会结构就会产生农牧民主体地位缺失问题。社会创业强调经济与社会的融合关系,尤其是重视社会在经济活动安排中的功能发挥,为民族地区乡村振兴提供了新视角。课题组对内蒙古通辽市3个苏木12个嘎查进行调查,发现了少数民族农牧民主体地位缺失的原因,并以扎鲁特旗玛拉沁艾力养牛合作社为例,阐释本土化社会创业是实现少数民族农牧民主体地位的根本路径。     

城市流动散杂居少数民族经济发展研究

在散杂居少数民族乡村,劳务经济在当地经济发展中占有20%-30%比例,主要从事带有鲜明的民族特色的商业、服务行业,如经营清真食品、民族商品、民族药品等。由于受民族传统文化、语言、教育程度、谋生技能等因素影响,难以进入正规的企业就业,产业同质化,规模小,难有大作为。为此,流动散杂居少数民族发展经济需要在民族文化基础上,充分发挥劳务经济输出、输入地政府作用,利用"政府与市场"两只手,转变城市少数民族聚集区管理模式,发展特色产业,加强民族区域联动,走市场联动之路,合理有序引导少数民族流动人口,为流动少数民族提供良好就业、生活、培训环境,维护民族团结和社会稳定。     

文化传统在民族社区森林管理中的作用——基于黔东南苗族、侗族社区森林管理的调查研究

民族社区基于文化传统产生的价值信仰、社会规范,在民族社区的森林管理中发挥着显著的促进合作、改善激励的效果。黔东南苗族侗族社区基于长期的生产生活经验形成的传统文化价值观,体现了民族社区尊重自然、顺应自然的朴素生态观;基于文化传统基础上形成的规则、制度和组织机制,表现出管理原则、管理策略、管理主体与管理方式的独特性,其地方权威—乡村精英的作用、激励—奖惩机制和合作—协商议事机制在社区森林管理中效果明显,在社区森林经营和管理中发挥着重要的作用,它为社区内生的森林经营、管理机制和制度的构建提供了有益的启示。     

欧盟语言多元化战略对中国少数民族语言教育的启示

分析欧盟语言多元化战略的范畴,阐述欧盟语言多元化战略在文化间对话和社会凝聚、商业、终身学习、媒体等各个领域的重要作用及欧盟采取的行动计划,以及欧盟语言多元化战略对中国少数民族语言教育的启示。     

彝族地区中小学校实施民族传统体育课程教学研究

通过对彝族地区中小学校体育课程教学现状的调查与研究,分析在彝族地区中小学校利用彝族传统体育文化资源实施体育课程教学的意义与可行性,对进一步深化彝族地区中小学校体育课程教学改革具有重要的指导作用与实用价值。     

边境民族地区构建和谐警民关系研究

边境民族地区警民关系具有涉外性特点,民族关系复杂;阻碍边境民族地区和谐警民关系建设的因素既有来自公安边防部队内部的,也有边境民族地区群众本身的,更有社会大环境的影响。据此,要融洽边境民族地区警民关系,边境民族地区公安边防部门应当加强能力培训,提高干警素质;强化服务意识,抓好形象工程;完善执法机制,保证工作绩效;加大宣传力度,争取群众理解;加强“处突”研究、做好应急准备。     

Is the Nexus of Gang Membership,Exposure to Violence,and Violent Behavior a Key Determinant of First Time Gun Carrying for Urban Minority Youth?

Two waves of longitudinal data from a high-poverty sample of minority youth living in extreme poverty was used to determine if the nexus (or intersection) of gang membership T1, exposure to violence T1, and violent behavior T1 is a precursor of first time gun carrying T2. The findings indicated a significant amount of overlap between gang membership, exposure to violence, and violent behavior. The multivariate findings also revealed that: (1) the effect of exposure to violence T1 on initiation of gun carrying T2 became non-significant after controlling for gang membership T1 and violent behavior T1; and (2) only 1.8% of youth were part of the nexus of gang membership T1, exposure to violence T1, and violent behavior T1, but they were 665% more likely to initiate gun carrying T2. The theoretical and policy implications of the findings for the prevention of youth gun violence as well as areas for future research are also discussed.     

UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANTS AS PERCEIVED CRIMINAL THREAT: A TEST OF THE MINORITY THREAT PERSPECTIVE*

The link between immigration and crime has garnered considerable attention from researchers. Although the weight of evidence suggests that immigration is not linked to crime, the public consistently views immigrants, especially undocumented immigrants, as criminal and thus a threat to social order. However, little attention has been paid to why they are perceived this way. By drawing on the minority threat perspective, this article investigates the effects of objective and perceptual measures of community context on perceived criminal threat from undocumented immigrants. Analyses of data collected from four Southwest states and the U.S. Census show that the perceived size of the undocumented immigrant population, more so than the actual size of the immigrant population and economic conditions, is positively associated with perceptions of undocumented immigrants as a criminal threat. Additional analyses show that objective measures of community context do not affect native respondents’ perceptions of the size of the undocumented immigrant population. The study's findings and their implications for theory, research, and policy are discussed.     

Explaining Majority and Minority Trust in the Police

This article tests the contribution that social capital theory, performance theory, and the procedural justice-based model can make towards explaining the trust of majority and minority group members in the police. The central research questions are: (1) do the same factors determine their levels of trust? and (2) are the effects parallel? To answer these questions, we carried out regression analyses on data collected from majority and minority group members living in Belgium (960 face-to-face interviews). The results show that, although the three theories offer explanatory elements for members of both majority and minority groups, the explanation of their trust in the police is not identical. Implications for research and theorization are discussed.