民族院校少数民族学生与汉族学生学习心理差异及教育策略探索

民族院校中少数民族学生占多数,少数民族学生和汉族学生在学习心理上有一定差异。了解这些差异,采取相应措施,对提高民族生的学习效果,乃至提高整体教育质量都是非常必要的。本文对此进行了探索。     

我国少数民族传统体育的价值研究

通过文献法、观察法和田野调查法对我国少数民族传统体育的历史和现实价值进行研究,得出我国少数民族传统体育,内容丰富、形式多样,具有独特的民族特征和存在方式,因而与现代体育相比具有独特的价值.这种传统体育不仅在我国少数民族已经过去的历史发展中发挥过重要作用,而且在今天,不仅这些价值和功能依然存在,并且成为推动我国少数民族地区广泛开展农村体育的最为有效的体育手段.     

发展少数民族教育立法必须先行

建国以来,我国少数民族教育取得了可喜成绩,为我国社会主义革命和建设事业做出了很大的贡献.但是,由于历史、地理、经济、宗教等因素的影响,我国少数民族教育与东部发达地区相比,还相对落后,远远满足不了少数民族自身经济社会发展对人才和劳动者素质的要求.因此,本文从我国少数民族教育发展现状入手,阐述了我国少数民族教育立法的必要性和立法依据,提出了少数民族教育立法应遵循的基本原则及具体的立法内容.     

UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANTS AS PERCEIVED CRIMINAL THREAT: A TEST OF THE MINORITY THREAT PERSPECTIVE*

The link between immigration and crime has garnered considerable attention from researchers. Although the weight of evidence suggests that immigration is not linked to crime, the public consistently views immigrants, especially undocumented immigrants, as criminal and thus a threat to social order. However, little attention has been paid to why they are perceived this way. By drawing on the minority threat perspective, this article investigates the effects of objective and perceptual measures of community context on perceived criminal threat from undocumented immigrants. Analyses of data collected from four Southwest states and the U.S. Census show that the perceived size of the undocumented immigrant population, more so than the actual size of the immigrant population and economic conditions, is positively associated with perceptions of undocumented immigrants as a criminal threat. Additional analyses show that objective measures of community context do not affect native respondents’ perceptions of the size of the undocumented immigrant population. The study's findings and their implications for theory, research, and policy are discussed.     

Explaining Majority and Minority Trust in the Police

This article tests the contribution that social capital theory, performance theory, and the procedural justice-based model can make towards explaining the trust of majority and minority group members in the police. The central research questions are: (1) do the same factors determine their levels of trust? and (2) are the effects parallel? To answer these questions, we carried out regression analyses on data collected from majority and minority group members living in Belgium (960 face-to-face interviews). The results show that, although the three theories offer explanatory elements for members of both majority and minority groups, the explanation of their trust in the police is not identical. Implications for research and theorization are discussed.     

Is the Nexus of Gang Membership,Exposure to Violence,and Violent Behavior a Key Determinant of First Time Gun Carrying for Urban Minority Youth?

Two waves of longitudinal data from a high-poverty sample of minority youth living in extreme poverty was used to determine if the nexus (or intersection) of gang membership T1, exposure to violence T1, and violent behavior T1 is a precursor of first time gun carrying T2. The findings indicated a significant amount of overlap between gang membership, exposure to violence, and violent behavior. The multivariate findings also revealed that: (1) the effect of exposure to violence T1 on initiation of gun carrying T2 became non-significant after controlling for gang membership T1 and violent behavior T1; and (2) only 1.8% of youth were part of the nexus of gang membership T1, exposure to violence T1, and violent behavior T1, but they were 665% more likely to initiate gun carrying T2. The theoretical and policy implications of the findings for the prevention of youth gun violence as well as areas for future research are also discussed.     

边境民族地区构建和谐警民关系研究

边境民族地区警民关系具有涉外性特点,民族关系复杂;阻碍边境民族地区和谐警民关系建设的因素既有来自公安边防部队内部的,也有边境民族地区群众本身的,更有社会大环境的影响。据此,要融洽边境民族地区警民关系,边境民族地区公安边防部门应当加强能力培训,提高干警素质;强化服务意识,抓好形象工程;完善执法机制,保证工作绩效;加大宣传力度,争取群众理解;加强“处突”研究、做好应急准备。     

城市流动散杂居少数民族经济发展研究

在散杂居少数民族乡村,劳务经济在当地经济发展中占有20%-30%比例,主要从事带有鲜明的民族特色的商业、服务行业,如经营清真食品、民族商品、民族药品等。由于受民族传统文化、语言、教育程度、谋生技能等因素影响,难以进入正规的企业就业,产业同质化,规模小,难有大作为。为此,流动散杂居少数民族发展经济需要在民族文化基础上,充分发挥劳务经济输出、输入地政府作用,利用"政府与市场"两只手,转变城市少数民族聚集区管理模式,发展特色产业,加强民族区域联动,走市场联动之路,合理有序引导少数民族流动人口,为流动少数民族提供良好就业、生活、培训环境,维护民族团结和社会稳定。     

欧盟语言多元化战略对中国少数民族语言教育的启示

分析欧盟语言多元化战略的范畴,阐述欧盟语言多元化战略在文化间对话和社会凝聚、商业、终身学习、媒体等各个领域的重要作用及欧盟采取的行动计划,以及欧盟语言多元化战略对中国少数民族语言教育的启示。     

文化传统在民族社区森林管理中的作用——基于黔东南苗族、侗族社区森林管理的调查研究

民族社区基于文化传统产生的价值信仰、社会规范,在民族社区的森林管理中发挥着显著的促进合作、改善激励的效果。黔东南苗族侗族社区基于长期的生产生活经验形成的传统文化价值观,体现了民族社区尊重自然、顺应自然的朴素生态观;基于文化传统基础上形成的规则、制度和组织机制,表现出管理原则、管理策略、管理主体与管理方式的独特性,其地方权威—乡村精英的作用、激励—奖惩机制和合作—协商议事机制在社区森林管理中效果明显,在社区森林经营和管理中发挥着重要的作用,它为社区内生的森林经营、管理机制和制度的构建提供了有益的启示。