我国城市社区管理体制的主要问题及其改革走向

我国的社区建设目前已经进入了一个新的阶段,关于社区管理体制的改革成为理论界和政府部门讨论的热点,全国有些城市也在社区管理体制方面进行了新的探索和实践。本文重点分析了目前我国城市社区管理体制存在的主要问题及其原因,并探讨了今后我国社区管理体制改革的方向。     

我国数字城市建设的现状及发展对策

从广义和狭义两方面界定了“数字城市”的含义,提出了数字城市架构的参考模型,分析了数字城市建设的关键技术。从城市规划、建设和管理三个方面对数字城市的应用情况进行了阐述,分析了我国数字城市建设的现状,剖析了制约我国数字城市发展的宏观规划和指导、城市空间信息的获取和应用、数据标准体系等五个方面的因素,针对我国的国情和数字城市建设中存在的问题,从充分发挥政府的监督与管理职能、依靠市场运作、依靠试点城市全面推动等方面提出了相应的发展对策。     

城市化进程中的反贫困:制度创新与法律保障

面对日益严峻的城市贫困问题,国家初步建立了涵括基本养老保险制度、城市居民最低生活保障制度等在内的城市反贫困制度法律体系。但是这一制度法律体系还不够系统完善,还存在城市反贫困主体单一、社会参与有限的问题,尚未建立系统完备、保障全面的社会保障制度和全国统一的城市反贫困法律体系。城市化进程中的主体贫困、制度贫困和法律贫困是致使产生城市贫困问题的重要原因。这就需要建立政府主导、社会共同参与的城市反贫困工作管理机制,解决反贫困制度建设滞后和立法不规范的问题,科学规划、统筹规范反贫困工作,形成以宪法为基本依据、以《反贫困法》为核心、以《社会保障法》等相关社会保障法律法规为支撑的反贫困法律体系,强化城市反贫困权利救济和责任追究制度,不断提升城市反贫困制度化、法治化进程。     

浅谈我国民营企业融资困境及出路

经过几十年的发展，民营经济逐渐成为国民经济发展的重要推动力量，在地方经济尤其是县域经济中，民萱绎济已经成为经济发展的主体和纳税主体。但是，由于民营企业自身的特点及国内金融市场的特点，我国的民营企业普遍存在融资难的困境，民营企业要想得到进一步的发展，必须找到有效对策，探索出路。     

基于GIS的都市应急疏散系统

我国是灾害频发的国家之一。自然灾害如近日发生的印度洋大海啸、工业事故以及潜在的恐怖袭击等严重威胁都市人民的生命安全。一旦发生重大灾害性事件，往往需要在短时间内安全地进行大规模紧急疏散高密集人群。实施科学的应急救灾策略，是减少灾害（事故）后果严重性的重要措施之一。本文提出了基于时变动态流的网络优化模型，该模型以最短疏散时间为目标函数，同时对疏散路径、疏散目的地以及疏散开始时间进行优化。并以此优化模型为基础，初步建立了基于GIS的大规模应急疏散系统。该系统可以模拟优化各种灾害条件下最优应急疏散策略，为政府有关部门在城市建设和城市防灾规划中的决策提供科学依据。该系统可用于城市应急规划设计和实时应急管理指挥。     

政府信用博弈分析及制度建构

本文运用博弈论中的纳什均衡理论对政府信用的形成及缺失的内在机制进行了详实的分析。提出了组建压力集团以构筑对等的博弈平台;文章最后提出通过建立重复性博弈机制、守信激励机制、失信惩戒机制和完善监督机制、失信救济机制等手段解决政府信用危机。     

论我国征信法的构建

近年来我国失信问题变得越来越严重,围绕信用问题提出种种解决方案,征信立法提上议事日程。征信法的性质和征信公司的设立模式都对征信立法的实效产生重大影响;作为信息提供者的行政机关和金融机构出于自身利益可能会阻碍征信公司的征信行为,消费者的个人隐私和企业的商业秘密会由于网络传播的快捷而受到进一步的侵犯,征信法必须考量相关主体权利的维护,从而促进我国信用体系的完善。     

Adolescent migrants from Normandy in Paris at the end of the 18th century

The article deals with the social and family environments and modes of departure of migrants from Normandy to Paris at the end of the 18th century. It also considers in-migrants' future once in Paris. This approach to long distance migratory phenomena — applied here specifically to follow a population of adolescents — was possible due to the fruitful linking of serial nominative sources, each created independently. For the departure zone, we have examined three regions in Normandy for which the population was reconstituted over a period covering the end of the 18th century. For Paris, we used the registers of identity cards, or cartes de sûreté, issued between 1793 and 1794. The typical portrait of the adolescent in-migrant consists of an individual who is the youngest member of a fairly large family. He was often born in a small town, not in a village. It is likely that his decision to migrate was not impeded by his father's refusal. Indeed, the father of the in-migrant was often dead when the son left. In-migrations tended to be isolated; the adolescent rarely joined a family member in the capital. Migration to Paris often seemed to lead to a rupture with the childhood region.     

Effects of Drug Treatment Units in Swedish Prisons

This article presents the findings from an evaluation of the care provided at treatment units for drug abusers in Swedish prisons. A total of 741 inmates who were placed in prison treatment units in 2006 are compared with individuals with whom they were matched on the basis of their statistical risk for reoffending, and who served prison terms during the years 2001–2002. Half of the inmates in the treatment group were placed in units working with a 12-step programme, while the remainder were placed in treatment units employing cognitive programmes. The study shows positive results with respect to reoffending. The greatest differences were found in the following subgroups: males, inmates who were at least 30 years of age, those who completed their stay in a treatment unit, and those who had spent at least 4.5 months in a treatment unit.