我国信用风险及其立法规制研究

近年来我国信用缺失问题变得越来越严重,信用风险也日益加大,信用立法于是被提上议事日程。虽然目前我国的信用制度和信用立法已经取得了一定成绩,但是存在的问题依然很多,只有继续加强法制建设,我国的信用制度和信用立法才能健康有序发展。     

城市治理中的政府作用机制浅析——从治理主体利益定位的角度

作为一种新型的治理结构,城市治理本身是一个多元的、复杂的体系结构,在城市治理的环境中,政府与其他组织和市民社会共同参与管理城市.在此过程中,城市政府必须协调政府内部、政府与市场、政府与社会等各方面的关系,通过确立合理的利益机制、整合不同的利益关系来促进城市的发展和城市竞争力的提升.     

我国失地农民社会养老保险的困境与出路

我国失地农民的养老保险存在许多问题:法律制度缺位、养老保险体系单一、传统养老保险功能弱化、补偿机制不合理、农民参保意愿低等。借鉴域外经验,我们应建立农民养老保险法律体系、发展农村多元化养老保险体系、完善现有补偿机制、提高失地农民抵御风险的能力。     

Nationalism and patriotism as predictors of immigration attitudes in Switzerland: A municipality‐level analysis

Abstract: Using Swiss data from the 2003 International Social Survey Programme (N = 902), this multilevel study combined individual and municipality levels of analysis in the explanation of nationalism, patriotism and exclusionary immigration attitudes. On the individual level, the results show that in line with previous research nationalism (uncritical and blind attachment to the nation) increased exclusionary immigration attitudes, while patriotism (pride in national democratic institutions) was related to greater tolerance towards immigration. On the municipality level, urbanization, socioeconomic status and immigrant proportion (and their interaction effects) were found to affect nationalism, patriotism and immigration attitudes. Nationalist and patriotic forms of national attachment were stronger in German‐speaking municipalities than in the French‐speaking municipalities. Path analyses further revealed that living in a Swiss‐German municipality indirectly led to more negative immigration attitudes through an increase in nationalism. The research is discussed in light of social psychological and political science literature on political attitudes.     

A System of Contradictory Goals and Realization of Ambidexterity: A Case Study of a Municipal Corporation

Pursuit of contradictory goals is inherent in the activities of any typical public-sector organization. Bulk of the existing literature on how contradictory goals can be pursued successfully focuses on a single pair of contradictory goals, largely pursued by private sector organizations. This empirical study identifies a system of multiple pairs of contradictory goals associated with structural separation of subunits of a public-sector organization in India, where the organization is a municipal corporation and two of its subunits engaged in the business of Public Urban Transport are involved. Emergence of contradictory goals was observed to be linked with the dynamics of key stakeholder interests. The study revealed that the top and middle managers may respond differently to a pair of contradictory goals, and the same manager also responds differently to different pairs of contradictory goals. Three pairs of contradictory goals were identified. These goals involved subunit identity and shared identity, contractor compliance and maintaining relationship with the contractor, and performance and learning. Realization of organizational ambidexterity appeared linked to how well the simultaneity and variety of contradictory goals are matched by simultaneity and variety of responses, namely a combination of structural, contextual and behavioral arrangements by the organization and individuals.     

How Location Efficient Is LIHTC? Measuring and Explaining State-Level Achievement

A growing recognition that the cost of transportation should be included in calculations of housing affordability has led to efforts to promote location efficiency (LE) in affordable housing policy. Because the program is responsible for most new affordable housing in the United States, the Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) program has the potential to be a link between housing affordability and LE. This research analyzes the extent to which LIHTC units built between 2007 and 2011 were in location-efficient places. Ordinary least squares regression analysis was used to test the role of market, policy, developer, and urban form factors in determining state-level LIHTC LE. We find that for the nation as a whole, from a quarter to half of LIHTC units added during this period were in location-efficient places, depending on the LE criteria applied. State-by-state comparisons showed wide variation in both our absolute measures of LIHTC LE and our relative measures of LIHTC LE compared with overall housing in each state. State policy and nonprofit developers were associated with higher LIHTC LE and had a positive effect on a state’s ability to outperform its underlying urban form.     

‘We Will Revive’: addiction,spiritual warfare,and recovery in Latin America’s cocaine production zone

Abstract

Once a key site in the War on Drugs against cocaine, the Upper Amazon in northeastern Peru has lately seen an increase in addiction to coca paste, a toxic by-product of the cocaine manufacturing process. Unregulated and coercive Pentecostal ministries, founded and administered by recovered pastors, constitute the main form of addiction treatment in the Upper Amazon today. Based on ethnographic research in nine ministries and using the example of the ministry ‘We Will Revive,’ this article suggests that Pentecostal ministries re-articulate addiction as demonic possession. Accordingly, ministries treat addiction through spiritual warfare against the Devil. In so doing, Pentecostal ministries change the locus of the War on Drugs from trade networks to sinful bodies.     

城市化与城市民族文化资源的保护

随着城市化的推进,城市固有的民族文化逐渐从人们的视野中消失,现存的民族文化资源的保护也变得越来越困难,这种困难性有自然的原因,而更重要的是经济上的短期行为所造成的人为破坏。本文侧重于城市有形文化——古建筑群和传统建筑群保护的分析,并从城市民族文化作为重要的文化遗产与经济资源的角度,论述其对城市经济长期发展的作用。本文的公共政策部分主要借鉴国外城市传统文化资源保护的成功经验。     

两岸城市社区治理模式比较与启示

近年来,随着两岸交流层面的不断扩展,社区治理成为两岸交流的热点之一。当前,大陆地区正在积极推动社区治理,比较分析两岸城市社区治理模式有着重要意义。两岸都坚持社区自治的方向,但现阶段两岸在城市社区治理实践中呈现出很大差异。台湾社区治理主体是多元化的,而且不同的治理主体之间职能清楚、分工明确、责任到位,并进行了良性互动,形成了“政府引导＋民众自主参与”的模式,较好地实现了社区自治。而现阶段大陆社区治理从总体上讲依然是“政府主导”模式,存在政府行政干预过多、社区自治组织职能异化、民间组织发展缓慢、居民参与不足等问题。台湾社区治理的某些经验,对于促进大陆社区治理发展具有积极的借鉴意义。     

Human security/environmental security

This article offers a genealogy of human security and environmental security set against the background of the 1994 United Nations Human Development Report and its demands for a profound transition in thinking. It shows how these two concepts have intersected and overlapped on the one hand, and diverged on the other. The debates within the UN system about what human security does or should mean have taken some account of the impact of environmental degradation on people and their communities though this has often lacked any analytical depth. The concept of environmental security, on the other hand, has become increasingly divorced from its potentially heterodox and critical roots in human security. Rather it has been captured by an orthodoxy that focuses primarily on non-traditional threats to traditional referents (i.e. the state) and that increasingly perceives ‘environmental security’ as a synonym for the threat multiplier dimensions of climate change. Rather than empowering a people-centred approach that places emancipation at the centre of human/environmental security, the author argues (following Mason and Zeitoun) that this has foreclosed rather than protected human freedom and dignity.