Examining Space–Time Interaction in City-Level Homicide Data: Crack Markets and the Diffusion of Guns Among Youth

This paper examines the linkage between crack market activity and gunhomicide suggested by Blumstein (1995), who argues that the arrival ofcrack stimulated an increased availability of guns among juveniles. Thisgreater availability of guns, the argument continues, is responsible for thesharp upswing in juvenile homicide experienced in the United States in themid-1980s. Using city-level data on crack arrests and gun-related juvenilehomicide, we fit a change-point version of the Bass (1969) model ofinnovation diffusion. We find that, in most large American cities, thediffusion process for crack cocaine experienced an onset of dramatic growththat was followed by a similar, slightly slower growth in gun homicidescommitted by juveniles. We further use cluster analysis to find that thespatial patterning of the two processes is similar, starting on the East andWest Coasts and working their way toward other regions of the nation. Gunuse in homicide among slightly older offenders (ages 18–24) alsoexperienced a change at roughly the same time as the juveniles, but the rateof diffusion was considerably milder than for the younger group; offendersages 25 or older generally show no growth in gun-related homicide whatsoever. In addition, there is no detectable surge in juvenile nongun homicide activity. Based on these findings, we conclude that the crack cocaine markets–gun availability linkage is highly plausible, and we suggest directions for future research in clarifying the dynamics of the late-1980s surge in juvenile homicide.     

广西专业市场规划建设的经验及启示

大力发展专业市场对扩大内需,拉动消费,培育新的经济增长点,促进产业结构调整,完善城市功能等具有十分重要的意义。在对南宁、柳州、贵港、玉林四市专业市场规划建设进行充分调研的基础上,文章总结出了专业市场规划建设的一整套行之有效的经验,为新兴城市加快专业市场的规划建设提供了若干可供咨鉴的启示。     

The allusive market: insurance of flood risk in neoliberal Britain

Launched in 2016, Flood Re is a government-supported scheme for flood-risk insurance in Britain that is intended to pave the way towards an eventual ‘free’ market featuring risk-reflective pricing. This paper introduces the concept of ‘the allusive market’ to denote the figurative work that the market vision performs in this context. Alluding to the merits of what is in reality a highly implausible market-based future for flood insurance releases the government from having to substantively address intractable problems associated with the financial risk of flooding in the present: the market will come to the rescue. A risk-management crutch, the allusive market engenders contemporary policy paralysis, occasioning in turn the worsening of the very problems that the market is being relied upon, eventually, to resolve.     

对一起销售无卫生许可批准文件涉水产品案的分析与思考

随着市民生活水平的提高，越来越多的小区选择安装涉水产品之一的水质处理器来净化水质。由于目前涉水产品市场秩序不规范，相当多的涉水产品没有市场准入手续，造成鱼龙混杂、良莠不齐的局面。本文通过对一起销售无卫生许可批准文件的涉水产品案的分析研究，谈谈在违法事实和证据认定上的观点。     

略论越南的“水文化”

越南地处中南半岛,且大部位于热带地区,终年高温多雨,江河密布。越南人民传统以鱼类为主要肉食,以稻米为主要农作物,这些都与"水"有着密切的关系,导致越南的传统文化带有深深的"水"文化的烙印。本文依据国内外资料进行一些概略性的论述。由于越南饮食文化和旅游文化深受"水文化"的影响,甚至前两者的某些内容也包含有"水文化"的内容,本文也对"水文化"与饮食文化、旅游文化的关系进行一些粗浅的研究。     

论互联网行业相关市场界定——以3Q之争为例

腾讯-360案被称作"互联网行业反垄断第一案",对该案相关市场的界定是判断腾讯公司是否构成滥用市场支配地位的起点。以腾讯公司、360公司为代表的互联网行业自身特殊性决定了该行业相关市场界定的方法不同于传统方法。透过广东省高院对3Q之争做出的判决,可以发掘传统替代分析法在互联网行业相关市场界定中的不足,借助双边市场特性创新互联网行业相关市场界定的思路和方法是极其必要的。     

A view from below: industrial re-structuring and women's employment at four Russian enterprises

The labor market in Russia has changed significantly during the last decade. This transformation has resulted in notable changes in employment and unemployment patterns, and in labor mobility, flexibility and insecurity. One critical question is whether these changes signal important differences in labor market outcomes by gender. The approach taken here is to focus on the Russian industrial enterprise. In our study, we find that women experience different internal labor market opportunities and external job prospects than men and those differences in experience are reflected in the actual hiring practices at our firms, with men substituting for women, and women finding it particularly difficult to negotiate the increasingly closed labor market in Russia. At the same time important differences persist among women, differences that do not exist for men.     

水上交通肇事逃逸犯罪的法律探析

我国交通运输业的迅猛发展使传统水上航运的地位日渐突出,同时,水上交通肇事犯罪事故也不断增多,而现行法律对水上交通肇事逃逸犯罪的处罚力度显然不够。因此,有必要对水上交通肇事逃逸犯罪进行法理上的分析,并在此基础上进一步完善其在立法和执法方面的法律法规。     

RACE,DRUGS, AND POLICING: UNDERSTANDING DISPARITIES IN DRUG DELIVERY ARRESTS*

This article draws on several unique data sources to assess and explain racial disparity in Seattle's drug delivery arrests. Evidence regarding the racial and ethnic composition of those who deliver any of five serious drugs in that city is compared with the racial and ethnic composition of those arrested for this offense. Our findings indicate that blacks are significantly overrepresented among Seattle's drug delivery arrestees. Several organizational practices explain racial disparity in these arrests: law enforcement's focus on crack offenders, the priority placed on outdoor drug venues, and the geographic concentration of police resources in racially heterogeneous areas. The available evidence further indicates that these practices are not determined by race‐neutral factors such as crime rates or community complaints. Our findings thus indicate that race shapes perceptions of who and what constitutes Seattle's drug problem, as well as the organizational response to that problem.