生产销售伪劣商品罪的法经济分析及防治对策——以伪劣奶粉案为例

生产销售伪劣商品罪产生的内在动因是经济主体的自利性和市场经济的逐利性,外在诱因是市场秩序的失范和犯罪的可获利.防治生产销售伪劣商品罪并非是消灭该类犯罪,而是努力使该类犯罪降低到最低限度.措施主要有:提高刑罚效率,直接增加犯罪的刑罚成本;深化体制改革,建立健全各项规章制度,为合法正当的经济活动创造良好的制度环境和社会环境;打击腐败,消除地方保护主义;加紧研究并实现对经济犯罪的社会控制,对生产销售伪劣商品罪实行综合治理.     

Development of impulsivity and risk‐seeking: Implications for the dimensionality and stability of self‐control*

In Gottfredson and Hirschi's self‐control theory, introduced in 1990, they contend that self‐control is a unidimensional construct that develops early in childhood and remains stable throughout the life span. According to findings reported in recent research, however, these arguments are now being challenged, with scholars pointing to ways in which self‐control may be multidimensional in nature and may change beyond the period of alleged stabilization. In this study, we draw on Steinberg's dual systems model, introduced in 2008, to consider this issue further. We examine that model's two key elements of low self‐control—risk‐seeking and impulsivity—to determine whether they are empirically distinguishable from one another and have differing developmental trajectories from childhood to early adulthood. We also consider the consequences of changes in risk‐seeking and impulsivity for within‐individual changes in crime. We examine these issues with data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79) for individuals from 10 to 30 years old. The results of our analyses show support for a multidimensional and dynamic conception of self‐control—from age 10 to age 30, risk‐seeking and impulsivity are empirically distinct and develop in divergent ways that are consistent with the dual systems model. Changes in risk‐seeking and impulsivity also affect changes in crime, but their effects vary with age and changes in the other element. We discuss these findings and their implications for self‐control and the development of life‐course criminology.     

Increased Hematocrit Due to Electrical‐Waveform Exposures in Splenectomized Sus scrofa,

In laboratory studies of the pig Sus scrofa, hematocrit has consistently increased after conducted‐electrical‐weapon (CEW) exposures, possibly due to contraction of the spleen. Splenectomized animals and intact sham control animals were exposed, each for 30 sec, to a benchtop‐produced electrical waveform of net charge levels similar to those of some CEWs. Changes in the blood were compared statistically. Hematocrit increased significantly in both splenectomized and sham animals. There were no significant main‐effect differences between values of hematocrit from the two groups. There were, however, significant interactive effects of time and splenectomy for hematocrit, red blood cell count, and hemoglobin. After peak values were reached for these variables, values returned toward baseline levels more slowly in splenectomized animals. This may have been due to the lack of a spleen to sequester red blood cells (thereby resulting in more cells remaining in the general circulation), unlike sham animals with intact spleens.     

The difference of Chinese legalism and western legalism

This paper analyzes the origin of Chinese legalism, its major propositions and characteristics. It compares the difference between Chinese legalism and other Chinese philosophies including Confucianism, Taoism and Mohism. It also discloses the difference of Chinese legalism and Western legalism in relation with morality. Western legalism defended the rule-of-law but argued against the morality of law. In contrast, Chinese legalism, especially in the early Pre-Qin era, did not separate morality from law. However, the fidelity to law in Chinese legalism was interpreted as the fidelity to the monarch, and thus being different from the Western rule-of-law.     

民国晚期工商团体的法律规制与行政控制--以津冀为中心的考察

以"业必归会"为原则,民国晚期已经形成工业会和工业同业公会、商会和商业同业公会、矿业会分治的较为完善的工商团体法律体系.各种具体法律制度也臻于完善,工商团体的任务、宗旨、性质、会员、组织机构、会议、会计及清算等均有明确法律规定.在行政控制上,政府主要通过指导和监督来实现.其主要手段是检核报备材料、敦促工商团体成立、回复提案以及催缴欠费.在行政控制中,工商团体并非完全处于被动状态,他们往往借助于政府权力实现其目的,二者之间实际上形成了一种互动.正是这种互动和完善法律体系的存在,为工商团体发挥作用提供必要的环境.     

论中国特色的反腐机制建设

腐败问题,其实质是权力的异变,核心是权力的滥用。要有效地控制和治理腐败问题,必须加强反腐机制建设,强化和完善“以预警教育机制为前提、以监督制约机制为重点、以打击惩治机制为后盾、以激励保障机制为辅助”四位一体的反腐败工作机制。     

知识、人性与治理模式的关系

在影响国家与社会的治理模式中,知识与人性一直是两个非常重要的因素。人们基本上以善恶阐释人性,而在知识的纬度上,根据拥有知识的多少也可以把人分为不同的等级,还有理性与感性、理性与经验的关系,知识往往也是人性的构成要素。整体而言,中国传统人性论强调人的社会属性和伦理属性,贬抑人的生物属性;而西方人性论则偏重人的自然属性和认知属性,并给予正面评价。中国根深蒂固的等级人性论使得中国古代的治理模式无论是性善还是性恶最终都走向人治或人治下的“法治”。西方因有了自然法中的“平等”因子,治理模式呈现出了另一番景象。     

北京市机动车排放控制管理实践

为实现城市交通与环境可持续发展,就要在满足交通需求的同时,尽力减少机动车污染排放,减少能源消耗.控制机动车排放污染,改善城市环境空气质量,需要采取综合的对策与措施.就北京市近年来在控制机动车排放污染方面采取的对策、措施、效果及存在问题等,做一简要介绍与分析.     

防火墙技术分析

Internet的迅速发展给现代人的生产和生活都带来了前所未有的飞跃,大大提高了工作效率,丰富了人们的生活,弥补了人们的精神空缺;而与此同时给人们带来了一个日益严峻的问题——网络安全。网络的安全性成为当今最热门的话题之一,很多企业为了保障自身服务器或数据安全都采用了防火墙。随着科技的发展,防火墙也逐渐被大众所接受。本文阐述了防火墙工作的方式,以及防火墙的基本分类,并且讨论了每一种防火墙的优缺点。     

浅析上市公司利润操纵的会计方法及其治理对策

上市公司编制的会计报表应该严格遵循会计有关法律法规制度,真实、公允地反映公司的经营成果,但是上市公司为了某种目的,常用各种方法和手段对公司的利润进行操纵,欺骗广大的投资者。本文主要对利润操纵现象的成因,常用方法以及对策进行剖析。