The Evolution of Balanced and Restorative Justice

Maloney, Armstrong, and Romig presented a portrait of “Joey,” who was the exemplar of what was wrong with the juvenile justice system, in 1988 when they published The Balanced Approach in this Journal. In response, they reimagined a juvenile justice system predicated on balancing three fundamental goals—protection of community, accountability to victims, and development of competencies to prepare juvenile court‐involved youth for productive roles in their communities. The authors examine the evolution of balanced and restorative justice and re‐imagine how Joey's life may have been different at critical junctures of his juvenile court involvement.     

谁需要SA8000

SA8000是20世纪90年代后再次兴起的自愿的生产守则运动中的一种,它涉及到众多的利益相关者。而每个利益相关者对SA8000都有着不同的利益追求。我们对SA8000既不可高估,也不可忽视。     

Patronage,politics and performance: radio call-in programmes and the myth of accountability

The role of media in promoting political accountability and citizen participation is a central issue in governance debates. Drawing on research into the interactions between radio station owners, journalists, audiences and public authorities during Somali radio call-in programmes we argue that these programmes do not simply offer a new platform for citizens to challenge those who are governing but that they are also spaces where existing power structures reproduce themselves in new forms. We identify the ways the programmes are structured and the different motivations the audience has for participation. Three types of programmes are identified and their relationships with patronage, politics, and performance are examined. Rather than focusing on normative assumptions about the media as a tool of accountability, the article emphasises the importance of understanding radio programmes in their social and political environment, including the overlapping relationships between on-air and off-air networks.     

American standards: definition and differentiation through nonprofit regulation

Nongovernmental organizations are deeply enmeshed in global governance, as promoters and, increasingly, subjects of regulation. Focusing on the proliferation of self-regulatory initiatives, this article asks: Why do NGOs adopt governance initiatives? Do their subsequent regulatory experiences match their expectations? It investigates these questions through the analysis of InterAction, the American international NGO alliance, and its PVO Standards. Based on interviews with NGO leaders, it emphasizes collective meaning over material benefit: American NGOs constitute themselves as American NGOs through standards, with which they underscore their professionalism and market orientation. These gains do not accrue equally, however, with large, central organizations perceived to benefit most from regulation.     

Controlling the Police in Buenos Aires: A Case Study of Horizontal and Social Accountability

The article analyses the interaction between various forms of accountability on the basis of a case study of responses to the Federal Police of Argentina's practice of framing innocent victims. The failure of classic agencies of balance to establish accountability was compensated in this case by the creation of an ad hoc agency of oversight, an investigative commission established by the Attorney General, that interacted with social agents of accountability. The analysis points to the ambivalent role of the media in both supporting and exposing illegal police practices and shows that the cooperation between the commission and social actors was crucial to its success.     

国际组织与非传统性公共安全问题的国际治理

本文对全球化背景下的非传统性公共安全问题的属性、特征及其国际治理需求作出了分析,并在此基础上归纳出作为治理主体的国际组织的六项公共安全治理功能:问题提示功能、信息提供功能、标准设置功能、组织协调功能、绩效评估功能和外部监督功能。最后对国际组织在非传统性公共安全治理中的“民主赤字”问题及其消极影响进行了简要的剖析,本文认为,非传统性公共安全治理要达到真正的帕累托最优,有赖于国际组织的责任性问题的解决。     

新时代良好政治生态的构成及营造途径

政治生态具有系统性、开放性、脆弱性、分化性和竞争性特征,基于系统工程理论和"四梁八柱"理论研究政治生态,有利于良好政治生态的营造。从理论、政策、实践三个层面梳理了营造良好政治生态的逻辑导向,从制度、行为、意识层面梳理了政治生态的内在标识,从重视坚定理想信念、强化监督问责、坚持正确用人导向、严明党的纪律、推进制度创新等方面提出营造良好政治生态的有效途径。     

行政责任制度设计的理论原则

良好的行政责任制度是保障和实现行政责任的基本前提。行政责任制度的设计应符合制度的重要性原则、权力制约和独立监督原则、权力责任适当配置原则、责任落实的个体化原则和公共参与的价值原则等五项理论原则。     

环境责任审计初探

在可持续发展和低碳经济背景下,中国环境审计实务已经取得了较快的发展,环境审计已逐步成为中国审计未来工作的重点。但是,环境审计仍然难以向纵深发展。该文提出,鉴于环境责任与经济责任之间的关联关系,可以考虑将环境责任审计纳入领导人经济责任审计中,完善环境责任审计的配套机制,以便更好地引导环境保护行为的健康发展。     

构建促进社会管理创新的行政问责机制

创新社会管理,是维护社会和谐稳定的源头性、根本性和基础性工作,是构建社会主义和谐社会的必然要求。促进社会管理创新,当务之急是构建科学的行政问责机制,通过科学有效的行政问责机制增强各级领导干部创新社会管理的责任感和紧迫感。构建促进社会管理创新的行政问责机制的着力点是：科学合理地明确职能定位;强化对领导干部履行社会管理职责的考核与监督;完善社会管理责任落实保障机制。