New Unionism at the Grassroots: The Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America in Rochester,New York, 1914–29

Labor movements have always found it difficult to reveal and transform the social relations that constitute markets. The growing transnational movements of goods, capital, and services in themselves have therefore not triggered closer trade union cooperation across borders. Transnational collective action also requires conscious choices and a mutual understanding that solidarity across borders is warranted. For this reason, this special issue of Labor History assesses the role that politicization processes play in triggering transnational union action.     

Dismissal of strikers and industrial disputes: the 1985–1987 strike and mass sackings at Silentnight

The 1985–1987 dispute at Silentnight bed factories in the north of England was an exceptionally long and bitter strike, lasting for 20 months from June 1985 until February 1987. A total of 346 workers were sacked for taking part in the strike, which gained a high profile with remarkable levels of support and solidarity action, largely due to its emblematic status as an extreme example of punitive treatment of workers taking industrial action in the period immediately following the defeat of the miners in 1984/1985. Workers took lawful strike action in 1985 over the non-implementation of agreed pay rises and compulsory redundancies counter to an existing agreement between the firm and the union, with the company responding to the dispute with mass dismissals. Pickets were maintained at the two factories in question for nearly two years, with the strikers gaining wide-ranging support from across the labour movement, but the company stood firm against the dismissed strikers who were ultimately defeated. Based on archival research and interviews with participants in the strike, the article analyses in detail how the dispute was sustained for so long, the legal context and the weakness of legal protections for strikers in the period, and the widespread political mobilisation and networks of support and solidarity that arose around the strike and in opposition to the policies of the Conservative government of the day.     

Preventive action and conflict mitigation in Nigeria’s 2015 elections

Prior to the 2015 Nigerian general elections, there were concerns that the fierce political contest would lead to electoral violence in the country. However, the elections were conducted peacefully, with fewer disputes and election-related deaths than previous elections. This study accounts for the fall in the level of electoral violence in Nigeria and discusses the lessons that Nigeria’s experience presents. It argues that the avoidance of destructive electoral disputes in Nigeria was the result of preventive action taken by the country’s electoral commission, civil society groups, and development partners. The specific preventive actions taken include innovations in election administration aimed at enhancing electoral transparency and credibility, election security measures such as early warning and peace messaging, and preventive diplomacy urging the main candidates and the political elite to embrace peace. The key lesson that can be drawn from Nigeria’s experience is that a well thought out conflict prevention strategy should be an integral part of electoral governance, especially in countries with a high risk of electoral violence.     

实质诉讼法的“脱私入公”过程及其复兴意义 ——以温特沙伊德《当代法意识下的罗马私法之诉》的解读为主线

民事诉讼法是实质诉讼规范和诉讼程序规范之集合,但通说却将其同义于诉讼程序法而尘封实质诉讼法。从法律发达史上考察,实质诉讼法曾依附于实体私法体系,且与诉讼程序法长期处于分离状态,在脱离私法体系之后于民事诉讼法中找到了安身之处,并且在公法诉权说的推动下皈依了公法。在实质诉讼法脱私法体系而入诉讼法体系的发展过程中,温特沙伊德的《诉论》发挥了主要原动力作用,因而被奉为促成民事诉讼法走向独立化的“门罗宣言”。本文拟通过解读《诉论》,阐述实质诉讼法脱离私法体系而入公法的民事诉讼法之过程,恢复实质诉讼法的本来面目,以为我们克服民事诉讼法同于纯程序法之观念提供理论上的支撑。     

民事申请再审案件受理程序规范化改造

2007年民事诉讼法修订以来,关于再审程序划分的“三阶构说”日渐占据民事诉讼学界的主导地位.应从“三阶构说”的理论基础出发,结合现有法律规定,深入研究并完善民事申请再审案件受理程序具体内容,并针对其中若干疑难问题展开讨论,提出进一步完善申请再审案件受理程序的理论方向和具体构想,力求建立起更加完善、更具有操作性的民事申请再审案件受理程序.     

第三人诉讼形态中的诉讼费用分配问题初探

于2007年4月1日开始实施的《诉讼费用交纳办法》对司法系统与民间社会均产生了深刻影响。但是，需要指出的是，我国现阶段的诉讼费用制度还不够完善，关于参加之诉的第三人与本诉当事人之间就如何分配诉讼费用的问题面临“无章可循”的司法适用障碍。本文通过对诉讼费用的法经济学思考以及第三人诉讼制度法理的综合考量，对完善我国第三人诉讼形态下的诉讼费用分配制度提出可行性建议。     

紧急避险制度初探

紧急避险是我国刑法理论上的＂正当化事由＂,其鲜明特点是法益与法益之间的正当冲突。文章通过对紧急避险的理论现状分析,讨论紧急避险的限制条件,得出对正当防卫不能实行紧急避险的结论。     

略论物上请求权

作为大陆法系物权法制度的特有概念,物上请求权在民法体系中具有重要地位.2007年,我国制定并颁布了《物权法》.在此基础上,对物上请求权的相关问题进行研究,具有相当的理论与实践意义.应当从物上请求权之概念出发,认识其性质与类别,辨析其与诉讼时效之关系,进而探讨其私力救济之问题,并结合《物权法》现行规定之纰漏提出可行的完善建议.     

合法行为的作为义务研究

合法行为可以引起作为义务，但要进行分类讨论，有责行为可以引起作为义务，无责行为则要结合刑法的价值具体问题具体分析。实质作为义务的满足是考虑的重要因素，刑法谦抑性是考虑的必要的因素，关键是利益的衡量。     

论案外人异议之诉的废除

以程序性争议与实体性争议的分类为基础的案外人异议之诉,并不符合民事诉讼的法理。案外人异议之诉和案外人执行异议,实系分别以强制执行法的当事人主义和职权主义为基础。因此,制度的法理基础完全冲突的案外人异议之诉和案外人执行异议,无法在强制执行法中并存,二者必废其一。强制执行中的当事人主义和职权主义本无优劣之分,但需要结合一国的国情予以选择。从当前的国情出发,我国应当废除案外人异议之诉。