中国的基础设施建设援助与国际发展援助的“共生”——援助国产业结构差异的视角

发展与援助在二战后的制度化结合是现代援助体系诞生的标志,对外援助的道德属性被框定为帮助受援国实现发展。但在现实中,西方和中国常质疑彼此的援助道德动机,前者认为后者的基建援助是"新殖民主义"、"债务陷阱",后者认为前者的软性援助人员费过高、口惠而实不至、干涉他国内政。本文尝试在国际政治经济学框架下,将对外援助决策的规范建构与理性选择双重属性理论化,发掘一国产业结构与对外援助政策间的关联性,以解释西方与中国对外援助的特征差异和误解来源。概言之,发展通过中间变量产业结构可以分解出发展理念、发展资源和发展压力等作用机制,影响一国对外援助的部门分配,因而工业国倾向基础设施与生产性援助,第三产业国则偏好投放专业服务类援助。在全球价值链分工视野下,中国对外援助的偏好和结构具备合理性和正当性,不同援助方的发展援助既会产生竞争,也可互补共生,共同推动联合国"2030愿景"和新型全球治理的实现。     

卧底侦查相关法律问题探讨

卧底侦查是侦破有组织犯罪、团伙犯罪等案件的有效手段,但其衍生的相关法律问题很少有人关注。文章对卧底侦查的概念、法律基础、应注意的问题等进行了深入探讨,以期对实践有帮助。     

“争常”失败后日本对非战略新态势

2005年"争常"失败后,日本政府改变了过去长期冷落非洲的外交政策,开始把非洲真正地纳入其全球战略架构中来。加大援非力度,改革援非方案,以对抗气候变暖和环境保护为重点,突出环境外交,全面发展与非洲各国的关系,日本对非战略出现新态势。其基本动因在于,适应新的国际形势变化的需要,反思"争常"失败后的经验和教训,通过发挥日本"环境外交"的优势,扩大其在非洲的影响,这种对非战略的新态势将对中国对非外交构成较大的压力和挑战。     

Trustworthiness: the Commentators

Mark Thompson deplores the decline in the public trust of government and of public service institutions such as the BBC. But there has also been a decline in another form of trust: government's trust in the ability of professionals such as doctors and teachers to deliver high quality public services. And, unlike Thompson's type of trust, this decline was inevitable, because it was based on untenable assumptions concerning professional motivation. The author discusses the importance of trust in an unwritten constitution, including trust in the use made of public resources, trust that appointments are being made on merit, trust that the civil service is ‘speaking truth unto power’ behind the scenes and ultimately trust that it retains the ability to serve future governments. In a world where trust in institutions is diminishing, there are still surprising levels of trust in the world of private philanthropy. The public are only too ready to give donations without seeking to question, especially in the wake of major disasters. Yet the nature of aid agencies has changed dramatically in the past thirty years into major global enterprises with sophisticated media and marketing operations. In this case a greater degree of scepticism from those who donate and paradoxically less trust might actually result in better outcomes from aid and better use of funding. Trust is critical to the mission of the FCO. The public needs to trust the competence and sound judgment of the professional diplomats. The diplomats themselves need to be able to rely on the commonsense of their fellow colleagues. Ministers and diplomats need to trust each other. And other governments need to have confidence in the discretion of their British counterparts. This is an increasing challenge in the world of instant news. Trust can be quickly lost by indiscreet or self‐serving revelations. But the key is to be as open and transparent as possible about the processes of diplomacy. A new survey commissioned by the British Journalism Review demonstrates that public confidence in journalism has collapsed over the last five years. This is particularly true for the commercial broadcasters ITV and Channel 4, whose journalism has traditionally commanded as much public esteem as the BBC. Trust in the BBC and print journalists has also declined, and journalism suffered more than any of the other 16 occupational groups being assessed. This is partly due to the cumulative effect of various “fakery” scandals that have afflicted broadcasters over the last 18 months and partly down to a more widespread cynicism directed at those in authority.     

我国法律援助资金制度中的问题与对策分析

我国法律援助资金制度建设中存在着法律援助资金紧缺,难以满足法律援助的实际需要;法律援助机构和人员庞大,挤占了有限的法律援助资金;法律援助资金制度在立法上也有着诸多不足等问题。应对这些问题：首先,应当完善法律援助资金制度的相关立法;其次,应当多渠道筹措法律援助资金,切实满足法律援助的实际需要;再次,应当实施法律援助资金节流方针,提高资金的使用效益;最后,应当加强对法律援助资金的监管。     

积极引导社会力量参与法律援助

北京市的法律援助工作,关系到首都社会经济发展的大局。文章以纪实方式,对北京市近10年来积极开展法律援助社会化工作,进行了细致、全面地回顾,对北京市今后继续加大支持、引导力度,推动社会力量参与法律援助实现规范化、多元化发展作了深入的探索和思考。     

Trade versus aid: donor generosity in an era of globalization

Why do foreign aid budgets vary across countries and over time? Existing research indicates that the same set of factors shapes commitments toward both domestic and international redistribution. While scholars have acknowledged international normative influences on aid allocations, research on levels of donor generosity has not examined how international trade influences aid budgets. This paper examines whether imports from developing countries have a ‘displacement effect’ on aid commitments. Employing a panel of nineteen OECD donor countries, we analyze aid budgets from 1980 to 2000. We find that increased imports from developing countries to donor countries are associated with aid reductions. These results persist after controlling for international and domestic variables identified in previous research, and under other estimation techniques and model specifications.     

论我国法律援助制度的现状与完善

法律援助制度是一国司法制度的重要组成部分。我国法律援助制度建设虽然取得了很大成就,但与发达国家和地区相比,还存在着诸多差距和问题。完善我国法律援助制度,首先要建立符合我国国情,同时又充分考虑地区不同情况和差异的法律援助制度,并要完善立法,在《宪法》中明确规定公民的法律援助权利,制定专门的法律援助法,完善部门法中有关法律援助的内容和地方法规、政府规章。     

社会工作视野中的贫困大学生救助工作之改进

从社会工作的视野来考察,贫困大学生的形成有着家庭、社会、经济、政治等多方面的原因。因此,贫困大学生救助工作不能采取封闭式的救助;根据社会救助开始有偿救助的新趋势,贫困大学生救助工作应该采取开放的、强调贫困大学生自立自强的、有偿救助和能力开发相结合的新型救助模式。     

传统的颠覆与捍卫:《再别康桥》

徐志摩为什么对康桥、对翡冷翠、对日本的历史、对欧洲的文化是那么醉心、那样痴迷？为什么认为中国“本无可恋,近来更不是世界”？以其代表作《再别康桥》为例,从诗作在形式上对传统的捍卫和在诗性精神上对传统的颠覆两方面,去理解诗人内心的焦灼与矛盾,从另一个角度解释了这位被称为“中国的小布尔乔亚人”的心路历程。