论我国法律援助辩护之完善

在“推进以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革”背景下，我国法律援助辩护制度范围进一步扩大，法律援助辩护服务也呈标准化趋势，但仍不能满足司法实践需要，且同国际通行的法律援助辩护制度存在一定距离。对此，应将法律援助辩护的范围扩大至可能判处3年有期徒刑以上刑罚的案件，并适用于审前侦查、审查起诉两阶段。对于可能被判处3年有期徒刑以下刑罚的案件，为保障被告人在被拘禁期间最低限度的合法权利，至少由值班律师为其提供法律援助。鉴于死刑的严厉性与不可弥补性，死刑复核程序必须有律师辩护。为提高法律援助辩护率与质量，应考虑设立公设辩护人制度，健全法律援助辩护质量监督体系，并落实对法律援助事业的资金保障。     

MOVING INTO THE NEW AID APPROACH,DILEMMAS FOR NGOs: THE BELGIAN CASE

Under the new aid approach, nongovernmental development organizations (NGOs) are expected to move from “delivery” (service delivery projects) to “leverage” (lobbying and advocacy). In line with this international tendency, the Belgian government has signed a pact with the NGO sector in which a move away from delivery and toward leverage is being proposed. Given that Belgian NGOs are heavily dependent on government funding and strongly oriented toward the “delivery” model, this pact implies that a number of NGOs will have to undergo organizational changes. This article shows that there is a major cleavage in the NGO landscape in Belgium. Some organizations clearly favor the leverage, whereas others prefer the delivery roles. Those that are more dependent on government funding tend to incline toward the leverage orientation. The attitudinal orientation toward the leverage model however does not imply that organizations are effectively willing and able to change. A number of identity and legitimacy concerns are perceived by NGOs to be important sources of organizational inertia. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国司法鉴定救助制度存在的问题及评析

自四川省司法厅2006年7月21日公布较为系统的《四川省司法鉴定援助暂行办法》以来,许多省、市、县纷纷制定了规范司法鉴定救助的规定。我们获取的12个规范样本,大多出自地方司法行政部门,有的较系统地明确了司法鉴定救助的目的、司法鉴定救助的对象范围与条件、司法鉴定救助的运作程序、承担救助义务的鉴定机构与鉴定人的权责等问题。然而,各地方的规范繁简不一,部分问题并未受到重视,盖因司法鉴定救助程序的规制仍处于尝试、探索之中。故在相关机构进行全国性司法鉴定救助立法之前,首先要对既有的各地方性规范进行理性评析。     

我国高校法律援助制度的发展对策研究——美国高校法律援助制度的启示

法律援助制度以服务社会弱势群体为己任,在改善民生中具有重要地位和独特作用。高校法律援助制度是我国法律援助制度的重要组成部分,随着众多高校法律援助机构的广泛建立,社会对高校法律援助的认同感也在逐步增强。但高校法律援助机构作为社会非营利组织在发挥其作用的同时,也遭遇到一系列不可忽视的难题,因此,改革现有机制成为我国高校法律援助制度发展的必要。     

志愿者赈灾救助立法思考

我国蓬勃发展的志愿者服务事业在强烈呼唤着志愿者服务立法的完善。本文作者首先阐述了志愿者服务立法的历史渊源,继而分析我国当前志愿者服务立法现状及存在问题,主要包括：志愿者立法级别低;对志愿者的权利保障规定还不够完善;缺乏与突发事件有关的志愿者立法等。因此,为进一步促进志愿者服务事业的发展,建议建立全国范围内的志愿者统一立法,并在统一立法中要建立志愿者奖励机制,加强对志愿者权益的保障,实行志愿者分类管理,完善NGO登记管理制度,加强与国际志愿者的合作,同时还要加强与突发事件有关的志愿者立法。     

政府承担农民工法律援助责任的法理基础和法律依据探析

农民工法律援助是政府的责任。从法理基础上说,政府承担农民工法律援助责任是人民主权原则的要求,是社会契约的要求,是实现法律面前人人实质平等的基本前提,是"看得见的正义"的内在要求。从法律依据上说,我国宪法、法律法规等从不同方面规定和体现了对农民工进行法律援助是政府的责任。     

论法律援助在社会治安综合治理中的作用

对社会治安实施综合治理,是解决当前我国突出的治安问题,构建社会主义和谐社会的根本出路。社会治安综合治理是一项复杂的系统工程,需要运用多种手段。以法律手段为视角,探索法律援助在社会治安综合治理中的积极作用,是推进这一工程的应然路径。     

Commonwealth Engagement in Education: Prospects in the Era of SDGs

ABSTRACT

This paper analyses Commonwealth engagement in education against a background of issues, trends, and partnerships in education. It argues for reforms towards a ‘New Commonwealth’ that is fit for the 21^st century; embracing the celebration of diversity and moving beyond the donor/recipient model of development. The relevance, effectiveness, and sustainability of education engagement by the Commonwealth are gauged in relation to the focus of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) on the indigenous, immigrant, refugee, and other disadvantaged populations. The paper explores education challenges facing these population groups and proposes some options or niche areas that may be considered for Commonwealth engagement in education. The first option is engagement in the influential Global Partnership for Education (GPE), where Commonwealth countries already operate, and synergies are possible with UNICEF, UNESCO, and the World Bank. Second is pan-Commonwealth ‘facilities’ for implementing bi-lateral projects. Third is Commonwealth Talent Academies to address youth unemployment and illegal migration. Fourth is using COL to enhance distance learning leadership. Fifth is a Commonwealth Teachers Exchange Scheme to ‘right-size’ teaching forces. Sixth is the Commonwealth Remittances Transaction Cost Reduction initiative. Viability of these options will depend on the appetite for reform towards a multi-polar Commonwealth with financial burden sharing.