Individual-Level Data on the Victims of Nepal’s Civil War, 1996–2006: A New Data Set

This article introduces individual-level microdata on victims of violence in Nepal’s civil war (1996–2006). The data being presented in this study are unique in that they are a census—not a sample—of the known population of victims for which information could be collected. The unit of analysis is the individual victim, and the data provide information on: whether the victim was killed, injured, or disappeared; the districts and villages where they were targeted; their permanent home addresses; the circumstances of the attack (combat, extrajudicial, etc.); socioeconomic information; whether they had any affiliation to rebel groups or other political parties; identification of the perpetrator; and whether the victim was considered to be a government or Maoist informant. After describing the data, an application of the data is performed and some preliminary findings are discussed on the differences in targeting behavior between the government and the Maoist rebels.     

Metis,migrants, and the autonomy of migration

This paper interweaves an ancient conceptualization of movement and mobility with the paradigmatic case of early twentieth-century Chinese migration to the USA in order to explore migrants’ ability to both re-interpret institutional control of movement and generate identities that garner institutional and community acceptance. By not ‘settling’ migrants into the discourse of (undocumented) immigrants, the paper (i) develops a framework for the study of migrants–state interactions that goes beyond claims to citizenship and demands for rights and (ii) explores practices and means through which migrants gain access to restricted territories and maintain presence in otherwise unwelcoming communities. The paper argues that such practices explicate the autonomy of migration: a phenomenon that is constitutive to processes of political transformation and is critical to the study of state sovereignty, citizenship rights, and political agency.     

The Social Capital of Global Ties in Science: The Added Value of International Collaboration

The globalization of science is demonstrated in the mobility of scientists across national boundaries, the composition of the U.S. scientific workforce, and increased collaboration across national boundaries. While studies based on bibliometric and other data have been useful in identifying trends, collaborative clusters, and other patterns in international collaboration, they do not reveal the social dynamics behind those collaborations. This paper addresses the human and social capital factors that explain whether or not an academic researcher in science and engineering has an international collaborator. Further, through detailed statistical models, the analysis also addresses the factors that differentiate the specific resources derived from those international ties. Results show that non‐U.S. citizens are more likely to have close international collaborators, but that a range of factors explain this relationship. Further, results show that U.S. academic faculty mobilize different collaborative resources from international collaborators, versus their domestic collaborators.     

Political Institutions and Pollution: Evidence from Coal‐Fired Power Generation

What is the relationship between political institutions and air pollution generated by the power sector? Here we focus on the association between democracy and power generated from coal, the most polluting of all fossil fuels. Using a new dataset on coal‐fired power plants commissioned between 1980 and 2016 in 71 countries, we find that the relationship between democracy and coal varies according to the environmental Kuznets curve logic. Democratic political institutions at lower levels of economic development are correlated with increased commissioning of coal power plants, as governments seek to appeal to an electorate prioritizing economic growth and affordable energy access. As a country becomes richer, democracy comes to have a negative association with coal power, as clean air becomes a more salient issue for the public.     

空战规则的新进展及其问题

由美国哈佛大学研究院发起和主持的《空战和导弹战手册》起草活动,初步形成了一个《手册》草案,并征求了20多个国家和国际组织的意见。从武装冲突法的角度来看,《手册》草案无论在整体结构、适用范围、具体概念界定和实施机制上,还存在一些缺憾和问题,而在起草委员会继续修订完善《手册》草案的同时,我们应该适时关注该项工作的进展,并做好军队的相关准备工作。     

人才流动法律约束机制研究

人才流动既是人的一项自由权利,也是人才这种人力资本作为资源的市场配置方式。但是,无论作为一项自由权利还是作为资源的市场配置方式,对其进行适当的约束都有其理论与现实的正当性,因此需要建立相应的法律机制。     

变频技术在供热行业中的应用

针对供热系统落后的补水定压方式和锅炉鼓、引风系统，阐明变频调速技术在这２方面的应用以及取得良好的效益和远大的发展前景。     

规划绿化隔离地区的绿化是解决市区大气污染的重要手段

绿化对治理大气污染的作用是不可替代的,尽快实施市区规划绿化隔离地区的绿化,是改善生态环境,治理市区大气污染的建设性的综合性的手段。“分散集团式”的城市布局是确保首都良好生态环境的根本条件,绿化隔离带应以种植高大乔木为主,乔、灌、草木相结合的森林绿地。目前绿化隔离地区的绿化建设滞后于城市建设,而且规划隔离地区被蚕食的状况仍在继续,呼吁在市规划园林、土地部门采取的经济办法实现绿化的基础上积极研究多种办法和对策,尽快实现该地区的绿化。     

关于航空事故赔偿权利人的几个问题

人们通常认为航空事故赔偿权利人仅指旅客。事实上,航空事故发生后,赔偿权利人除旅客外,还有机上其他人员、地面第三人以及受害人的近亲属等。航空事故人身损害赔偿权利人的身份,在航空运输实践中有时很难界定。有些人貌似赔偿权利人,实际上无权向承运人主张赔偿,应注意甄别。对于不同的赔偿权利人,应视其与承运人的法律关系分别适用相应的法律进行理赔。     

生物检材采集与保存套管的应用

目的探讨生物检材采集与保存套管在法医学中的应用价值。方法在不同温、湿度环境下，观察悬空放置在生物检材采集与保存套管、有孔与外界相通的套管及密闭管内的湿润棉签的干燥时间30次；分别用生物检材采集与保存套管和医用棉签采集纸袋保存口腔细胞、血液、皮肤脱落细胞样本各20例，磁珠法提取DNA并进行DNA定量；用生物检材采集与保存套管采集口腔脱落细胞和血样进行DNA直接扩增。结果在温度4～30℃、相对湿度21％～90％的环境下，湿润棉签在套管内的平均干燥时间为7．89h，有孔管内的为23．30h，密闭管内观察15天仍不干燥，出现霉斑。生物检材用套管采集保存比医用棉签采集纸袋保存方式获得的DNA量显著提高，平均高达0．968倍；用套管采集口腔细胞和血样进行直接扩增，操作简单方便，成功率高。结论生物检材采集与保存套管具有快速干燥、对检材无损耗和浓缩等优点，可提高检材DNA的提取效率，且适合直接扩增。