CHANGE AND DISCONTINUITY: WAR AND AFGHANISTAN, 1904–1924

In the imaginations of many, war in British India had its focus on the North-West Frontier and was fought against the tribes of that region. However, British thinking about Indian defence involving Afghanistan underwent tremendous change over the period under consideration. British plans to meet a Russian invasion on the Kabul-Kandahar Line in 1904 resembled those of any other Nineteenth Century Imperial campaign, with numbers of infantry and cavalry still being thought of and referred to as bayonets and sabres. Twenty years later, heavily influenced by the experiences of the Great War in the region and the Third Afghan War and associated operations, the calculus was different with logistics changed by motor vehicles and the introduction of what today are referred to as force multipliers, such as aeroplanes and machine guns. It was over this period that warfare as fought and conceptualised by men like Napoleon gave way to modern practices familiar to us today.     

屌丝及其社会阶层固化的原因分析

作为一个流行语,"屌丝"体现了特定青年群体的真实存在状态,该群体的典型特征是"矬穷丑",其在物质积累、社会地位、爱情婚姻及向上流动等方面都遭遇了较大阻力,属于较为低下的社会阶层。"逆袭"是屌丝突破阶层固化限制、实现身份翻转、进入社会上升通道的过程。社会转型的时代背景、不公平的教育资源分配、屌丝群体自身的价值观念与生活方式等因素的交互作用,共同合力于这一过程,造成屌丝逆袭的困境。     

日本、韩国、新加坡引入中国劳工制度的比较研究

日本、韩国和新加坡是中国对外劳务合作的重要国家。三个国家的中国劳工输入制度具有一定共性,即中国劳工从事低技能、无技能工作,受到移入国法律保护,劳工引入具有暂时性、配额管制、高度依附、"品质"管控等特点,差异既体现在对中国劳工的身份定位上,日本定位为"学习技能者",韩国和新加坡则定位为"劳动者";还体现在劳工引入方式上,日本引入模式为混合驱动型,韩国为政府主导型,新加坡则是市场驱动型。对三国中国劳工输入制度的比较研究,可以为中国对外劳务合作和海外劳工权益保护提供重要参考。     

Gradient constraint in voting: The effect of intra-generational social class and income mobility on turnout

As the connection between an individual’s socioeconomic status and electoral participation originates from the socialization process in childhood and adolescence, inequalities in voting are often argued to be relatively stable throughout the life cycle. However, social mobility during adulthood may mitigate the effects of family background. Using individual-level register-based data, this study examines the extent to which changes in adults’ social class and income between 2000 and 2011 influenced voting propensity in the 2012 Finnish municipal elections. The results show that turnout among socially mobile voters settles between the stable members of their socioeconomic group of origin and destination. Our findings imply that intra-generational social and economic mobility can constrain the socioeconomic gradient in turnout.     

Zimbabwe's troubles

This paper is situated within the global growing interest in the security of the Persian Gulf. Following the call for a pre-emptive air strike by the United States and Israel against Iran to crush or damage extensively its nuclear facilities, the debate on whether or not such an attack is justified and feasible, and what alternative strategy will yield the best result, had become of great concern among scholars around the world. This paper positions itself as an antagonist to the pre-emptive air strike option. It argues that the consequences of a pre-emptive air strike and its failure margin considering the location of the targeted facilities and the political situation in Iran have been seriously underestimated. It recommends that instead of a pre-emptive air strike, the Iranian nuclear programme crisis can be solved in a peaceful and more logical way, through technical isolation.     

Rawls's Difference Principle as Compensation for Social Immobility

Outside academia, John Rawls's theory of justice—justice as fairness—has had little impact. This article is part of a broader project to rectify this. I offer a distinctive, second‐best, argument for Rawls's difference principle. The difference principle requires that inequalities in income and wealth are justified only if they benefit society's least‐advantaged citizens. My paper argues that, slightly‐modified, the difference principle is an excellent principle of redress in light of the UK's continued failure to give all citizens fair career chances. I show how we might realize the difference principle at the level of policy through tax rate reductions or negative tax rates. I conclude that if you don't want to accept the second‐best argument for the difference principle you must get serious about giving all citizens fair career chances. As I suggest, this task is extremely difficult.     

从比较的视角看海外移民的流动性对中国的影响

在经济全球化发展日趋增强的今天,移民活动的状况或本质正越来越表现为流动性而非定居性。移民的流动性,是“人权高于主权”这一国际政治思潮的反映,是全球化发展所产生的一种“跨国逃避”趋势,也是国际政治经济多元化、不平衡发展和各国综合国力竞争的必然产物。本文试图通过对移民流动性的探讨,揭示中印两国海外移民的流动性对两国发展和综合国力提升所共同具有的有益影响,以及中印两国因其海外移民流动性在国际社会中所面临的不同处境。     

台湾工业化过程中劳工流动模式初探

台湾地区在20世纪后半期的工业化进程中创造了劳工＂持续向上流动＂的成功模式。其主要原因在于：（1）特殊的历史背景与工业化起点为其奠定了基础;（2）快速的工业化进程为其提供了动力;（3）中小企业为主的企业形态与分散的工业布局是其重要路径。然而,步入21世纪以后,台湾社会劳工流动虽然总体上仍延续其向上流动的模式,但却呈现出减缓的趋势。其中岛内外经济不景气,岛内产业结构趋于稳定与政府的积极作为在其中发挥了不同的作用。     

论航空运输中对旅客的损害赔偿责任

航空旅客运输有国际国内之分,在法律适用上有所差异;国际航空运输中主要适用华沙体系和1999年《蒙特利尔公约》,国内航空运输则适用各国国内法的规定。从国际航空公约和我国航空法对旅客损害赔偿责任体系的比较看,二者对旅客损害赔偿责任期间、损害构成、赔偿主体等规定模糊,我国航空法对旅客损害赔偿的归责原则规定的比较单一,赔偿标准较低。我国应当结合国际航空条约中的有益规定和国内相关法律中的规定对航空法进行修订,这是健全和完善我国航空法体系的必由之路。