收入流动性测度方法述评

收入流动性主要有两种研究思路,一是将流动性本身作为研究对象,对个体流动进行加总,反映了所有个体收入水平、位次或收入份额的平均变动程度;二是研究收入流动性的影响,主要关注一段时间的收入分配失衡和社会福利水平是否得到补偿以及补偿的程度.转换矩阵和位次变动是流动性的早期测度方法,收入水平变动及其测度方法是流动性概念的一个延伸,随机占优和统计推断是流动性测度的一个拓展,而基于不平等、贫困、极化和社会福利水平的变动应该是流动性测度的最重要方法.     

Sewing their way up the social ladder? Paths to social mobility and empowerment among Sri Lanka’s global factory workers

Studies on global assembly line workers showcase how gains women make are counteracted by physical, social and psychological problems stemming from long hours of working, low wages and the precarity of work. Few studies analyse these workers’ experiences after they terminate factory work. Using life histories collected over 12 years and in-depth interviews, this article highlights the different paths former workers pursue to achieve social mobility and identifies key work and life experiences that contribute to social mobility and empowerment. I argue that contrary to popular belief global factory work does lead to forms of social mobility and empowerment.     

Correlates of distance to crime in Mexico City

This study examined the correlates of distance to crime in a sample of 412 prison inmates in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area. The study focused on crimes of theft and included a spatial analysis of the crime scene and the place of residence of the prison inmates. The data show a high clustering of criminals in a few neighbourhoods surrounding the old downtown area. Also, 38.8% of the sampled criminals committed their crimes in the same neighbourhood where they lived. Regression analysis revealed two independent and positive correlations of distance to crime: the monetary gain of the crime and if the prison inmates' intimate partner was also in jail. These findings suggest that, aside from the monetary rationale in the distance to crime function, the neighbourhood and family contexts deserve further research for a better understanding of criminal behaviour in Mexico.     

The rise of a hesitant EU host? Examining the Greek migrant integration policy and its transformation during the crisis

Greece lately, as a result of the crisis, has been transformed from a migrant receiving (host) country to a simultaneously migrant sending and receiving one. At the same time, processes of migrant de-integration from the economy and society have been manifesting too. This paper attempts to draw light on Greek migrant integration policy, which through the years has been characterized by a contradiction between policy narratives and concrete actions on the ground. More specifically, this paper brings to the fore a policy change that occurred during the period 2012–2015 and possibly continues up to now. According to this policy shift, special emphasis was put on the acquisition of the European long-term resident status from the part of already settled migrants as a passport to their intra-European mobility. Politically speaking, such developments were heralded as a win–win situation for both migrants, but also, Greece as a host country. Nevertheless, this rise of a hesitant EU host, who turned its integration policy into a managing migration endeavour, might be indicative of broader tendencies and trends within an expanded EU migratory landscape that includes both migration, but lately most importantly, asylum too.     

Section 8 Renters in the Phoenix,Arizona, Foreclosure Crisis: Implications for Poverty Deconcentration

How the recent U.S. foreclosure crisis affected federal housing mobility programs has not been well studied. This article explores the crisis’s impact on low-income renters receiving Section 8 vouchers in Phoenix, Arizona. We find that (a) 8% of voucher holders lived in homes that underwent foreclosure, (b) they were in comparably affluent neighborhoods, and (c) most eventually moved after foreclosure. Yet, those who moved after foreclosure were not overtly disadvantaged in the housing market. This unexpected finding may be explained by the opening up of new housing opportunities for voucher holders as foreclosures in more affluent areas were converted to rentals. Overall, this research suggests that the foreclosure crisis did not adversely affect the Section 8 program’s goal of deconcentrating poverty in Phoenix and may have even advanced it—a dynamic potentially occurring in other formerly booming and economically distressed Sunbelt regions.     

Shot Through the Heart—Firepower and Potential Lethality of Air Weapons

Although certain air weapons attain muzzle velocities comparable to some firearms, their successful use for committing suicide is rarely seen. Herein, we report a case of a young female died shortly after urgent admission to the hospital with penetrating gunshot wound to the chest. The autopsy revealed perforation of the pericardium and two perforative defects to the right heart ventricle. Injury was inflicted by a 0.177 caliber pellet, fired from an air rifle found near her body. Investigation ruled the death as suicide. The used air rifle fired the pellet with the energy density of 1.9 J/mm², substantially above the threshold for inflicting injury. The pellet penetrated through two layers of cotton fabric and several layers of tissue to inflict fatal injury to the heart. In addition, we provide an insight into the wounding potential of air weapons, which illustrates the need for greater caution in handling those devices.     

从领导干部流动速率看干部制度建设

流动速率指干部在政治层级中的晋升速度,流动速率高的干部未来发展潜力更大。本研究使用市委书记上任年龄和所辖城市性质来衡量流动速率,结合干部人事制度的变化对流动速率与干部群体特征变量之间相关性进行分析。随着《党政领导干部选拔任用工作条例》等制度出台,当前流动速率高的市委书记群体教育水平更高、轮岗经历丰富,但在基层经历方面存在不足。目前我国面向基层导向的干部培养和选拔方式有助于对这一问题进行弥补。     

二元劳动力市场背景下就业质量的提升机制研究 ——基于 CLDS 数据的实证分析

中国城市劳动力市场的二元分割背景下,劳动者的就业质量提升机制呈现出一定的差异性。研 究基于资本和职业流动视角,利用中国劳动力动态调查（CLDS）数据,多重考察和检验不同劳动力市场影响劳 动者就业质量提升的因素。研究发现：首要劳动力市场就业者的知识人力资本、弱关系型社会资本、干部职位 政治资本对提升就业质量有积极作用,次要劳动力市场就业者通过提升知识人力资本、技术人力资本、弱关系 型社会资本、干部职位政治资本提升就业质量;首要劳动力市场就业者通过主动、自愿的职业流动实现就业质 量的提升,次要劳动力市场就业者通过增加职业流动次数有效提升就业质量;资本因素对首要劳动力市场就业 者通过职业流动提升就业质量不具有抑制作用,但一定程度上会抑制次要劳动力市场就业者通过职业流动提升 就业质量的作用。因此,要充分了解劳动者的诉求与真实就业状况,帮助次要劳动力市场就业者增加资本 ( 人力 资本、社会资本、政治资本 ) 的投入和积累,以提升其就业质量。