超越GATT／WTO：美国对外贸易法中双边主义的复兴

双边主义是由两个国家(或地区)参加并协商解决问题的一种理论和主张。自20世纪60年代中后期以后,随着美国世界经济霸主地位的丧失,美国已不能从GATT/WTO规则中获取更多的优惠,转而谋求一种更为直接、快捷、有效的贸易体制来扩大进出口,发展经济。双边协定,特别是双边自由贸易协定满足了这种要求,但也对GATT/WTO多边贸易规则产生深远的负面影响。     

“双赢”:处理国际关系的新原则

“双赢”是近年来出现的一个新名词 ,它的问世立即引起国内外人士的极大关注 ,并将成为当前处理国际关系的一个重要原则。双赢的产生既是当前世界经济全球化发展的客观反映 ,也是平等互利原则在新形势下的不断深化与发展的结果。双赢原则的实施与运用将有助于协调南北之间的经济矛盾 ,有助于推动国际经济技术的合作与交流 ,有助于巩固 2 1世纪各种形式的战略伙伴关系     

金融危机背景下建立中美贸易纠纷双边谈判机制的构想

当前,中美贸易摩擦不断,解决中美贸易摩擦的各种手段均存在不同程度的弊端,难以有效解决当前的矛盾,维护我国企业的合法权益,促进中美经贸关系的健康发展。当前,中美双边经贸关系的发展表明,建立中美贸易纠纷双边谈判机制具有必要性和可能性。本文在探讨中美贸易纠纷解决机制的不足与完善该机制的可能性的基础上,提出建立中美贸易纠纷磋商机制的构想。     

The Path of Culture

Abstract

From the late seventeenth century on the idea of culture underwent a gradual transformation. Originally this concept referred essentially to the “refined” way of life of the ruling social elite (which certainly included among others also such activities as listening and making music, reading works of literature, commissioning works of fine art). Popular culture, on the other hand, refers to the usually collective practices of groups of rural and urban workers taking the form of performance. They were not only excluded from refined culture, but it was regarded as completely unsuitable for them, potentially creating dangerous social aspirations. It is with the great social transformation from feudal to bourgeois society that the idea of refined culture was replaced by that of “high culture” encompassing both the arts and the sciences: works claiming universal human significance. This “high culture” for a considerable time coexisted with the remnants of popular culture. It has been only due to the great technical advances that its true opposite, “mass culture” emerged, at the turn to twentieth century, claiming an empirical universality: being understandable and truly interesting to everyone. In economic respect, there is a competitive relation between high and mass culture. However, it is argued that there can be no cultural competition between them. For they posit differing and potentially co-existing receptive attitudes. The characterisation of this difference and the discussion of the seeming exceptions to the so-articulated conceptual scheme occupies the concluding part of this essay.     

Tightening Trusted Ties

正Five decades after forging diplomatic ties,China and Tanzania stand ready to inject new vigor into their traditional friendship,symbolized by the iconic Tanzania-Zambia Railway.Shortly before their golden jubilee,which falls on April 26,Abdulrahaman A.Shimbo,Tanzanian Ambassador to China,sat down with Beijing Review reporter Ni Yanshuo to share his thoughts on the latest development of bilateral relations.Excerpts follow:     

试析外资公平公正待遇标准

与国民待遇和最惠国待遇这些相对标准不同，公平公正待遇是东道国给予外资的绝对待遇标准。然而该标准的含义在理论和实践中存在广泛的争议。由于多数公平公正待遇条款并未提及国际法，不应以偏概全地将公平公正待遇视为习惯国际法中的标准，而应将其视作独立的条约条款，根据《维也纳条约法公约》进行解释。     

我国海外投资保护法律制度及其完善思考

海外投资对当今各国的经济发展起着举足轻重的作用,通过海外投资,使得各国经济在全球化进程中联系日益紧密.目前我国尚未建立完善的海外投资保护法律体系,这在客观上对我国不断扩大的海外投资活动形成了阻碍,影响了我国海外投资者的投资热情.为了进一步发展壮大我国海外投资,更好地保护我国海外投资者的利益,完善海外投资保护的相关法律制度势在必行.     

《中德税收协定》的现状与发展趋势

中德两国互为重要的经济贸易伙伴国。《中德税收协定》自1985年签订以来,成为两国解决双重征税和防止逃漏税问题的法律准则。然而,《中德税收协定》实施后,中国不断地推进税制改革,两国间经贸往来出现了新的形式,与此同时,国际税法理论也有了新的发展。因此,适时修改《中德税收协定》是必要的。尽管中国在德国的投资已有所发展,但是应当清醒地看到,中国仍是资本输入国,在修订《中德税收协定》时,应当坚持来源地管辖权为主和适当兼顾居民管辖权的原则。     

Domestic Institutions,Capacity Limitations,and Compliance Costs: Host Country Determinants of Investment Treaty Arbitrations, 1987–2007

The number of investment treaty arbitrations has exploded in recent years. However, the distribution of known arbitral claims varies among states. Some states have had multiple claims brought against them, while others appear not to have experienced any. This article represents the first study to seek causal explanations for this variation. My principal hypothesis is that a country's institutional capacity for protecting investor rights should be negatively correlated with the number of treaty-based arbitral claims brought against it. A panel analysis suggests that, after controlling for other determinants, countries with greater institutional capacity experience fewer disputes than those with lower capacity. This finding reveals an important truth about investment treaties: while they may be designed to help developing countries compensate for domestic-level institutional deficiencies in order to attract more foreign investment, it is precisely those countries with the weakest institutions for which the costs of treaty compliance are likely to be the highest.     

试析独联体国家间多边支付结算体系的构建

进入21世纪以来,独联体经济一体化中仍然存在非一体化趋势。独联体国家间现行的双边结算体系在很大程度上阻碍了独联体经济、贸易一体化的进一步发展。改革和完善现行支付结算体系,建立多边结算体系不仅是必要的,而且也是可行的。