多指标正交试验优选苓桂术甘颗粒水提工艺

目的 优选苓桂术甘颗粒的水提工艺。方法 采用正交试验对水提工艺进行优化,以桂皮醛转移率、甘草酸转移率和干膏得率为评价指标,考察加水量、煎煮时间、煎煮次数对提取工艺的影响。结果 最佳提取工艺为加8倍量水,提取3次,每次煎煮1 h。结论 多指标加权考察水提工艺,既符合中药复方的复杂性,又能合理反映水提效果。该水提工艺设计合理,可为苓桂术甘颗粒的研制提供理论和试验基础。     

正交试验法优选桃红四物汤的水提工艺

目的 优选桃红四物汤的水提工艺。方法 以芍药苷和浸膏得率为考察指标,以加水量、提取时间、提取次数为考察因素,采用正交试验优选桃红四物汤的最佳水提工艺。结果 桃红四物汤的最佳水提工艺为加12倍量水提取3次,每次1.5 h。结论 优选出的桃红四物汤的水提工艺合理,可为其工业化生产提供依据。     

单位商业贿赂犯罪刑法适用疑难问题解析

单位商业受贿犯罪无须整体证明单位利用职务上的便利,但须局部证明有关直接责任人员利用了商贸经济活动的运作性、管理性、交易性权力。直接责任人员的商业贿赂行为、意志及由此产生的定罪与量刑,不能脱离所属单位的特征、性质而存在。     

再说“《宪法修正案》修正了什么”——“法治”、“人权”入宪之断想

1999、2004年的《宪法修正案》,将"法治"与"人权"载入宪法。这不仅是对"法治"与"人权"的确认,而且标明了建构中国现代法治秩序的价值准则与基本方向。更重要的是,它揭示出宪制与法律制度的逻辑问题。依据这样的逻辑,《宪法修正案》的根本涵义,就是要求对宪制与法律制度进行"修正",以实现和巩固"法治"与"人权"。     

论发展我国国有商业银行表外业务的对策

我国国有商业银行表外业务发展缓慢的主要原因有：银行业分业管理的体制约束,经营环境的约束,银行体制改革滞后,经营理念陈旧以及专业人才和技术缺乏。为促进我国国有商业银行表外业务健康和快速的发展,应加快完善产权结构,实行适度混业经营,树立现代多元化经营理念,做好整体发展规划,提高整体营销水平,健全风险防范机制,加大人才培养与技术支持力度。     

Behind the ‘Miracle’: Non‐Traditional Agro‐Exports and Water Stress in Marginalised Areas of Ica,Peru

Expansion in the non‐traditional agricultural export sector following neoliberal reform has precipitated an economic transformation in Peru. Non‐traditional agricultural export growth has brought environmental, social and distributive costs. This article critically examines the Peruvian asparagus boom and the impact of this on water availability among marginal groups. Based on primary case study fieldwork, the paper asserts that the agro‐export model is causing the over‐exploitation of important groundwater supplies in the Ica Valley where almost all of Peru's fresh asparagus is produced. This reveals wider issues concerning neoliberal development and the political economy of natural resource allocation in Latin America.     

Business conflict and international law: The political economy of copyright in the United States

The internet industry has emerged as an important economic and political actor, both within the United States and internationally. Internet companies depend on exceptions from copyright law in order to operate. As a result, internet companies have considerable incentive to try and influence international copyright law. However, the current literature has neglected the role of the internet industry, instead focusing on the influence of copyright owning media companies. This has largely homogenized the concerns of business interests, neglecting the interests of business actors which do not favor stricter copyright protection. By examining business conflict over recent copyright initiatives by the United States, this article criticizes the literature. It illustrates that the internet industry has been able to alter the negotiating preferences of the United States against the wishes of copyright owners. This argues against the homogenization of business interests regarding copyright while illustrating the importance of material over discursive factors in determining political outcomes.     

Archives,genealogies and narratives in women workers’ education

ABSTRACT

In this paper I look back at my research of writing a genealogy of women workers’ education and I map methodological moves and strategies that I have deployed in the process. While there is a rich body of literature around genealogical histories little has been written about a genealogical approach to archival work. It is precisely in the lacuna of how to do archival research from the situated position of a feminist genealogist that I look at three interrelated methodological and epistemological planes: (a) living and re-imagining the archive; (b) working with the possibilities and limitations of archival technologies of the self and (c) considering the visual turn in the era of the digital revolution. While I perceive archival research as a process, I also take the archive as an event, marking discontinuities and ruptures in our modes of analysis and interpretation.     

涉黑涉恶型套路贷犯罪刑法治理的负面溢出效应研究

近年来,"套路贷"作为一种分工明确、隐蔽性强、社会危害大的犯罪现象,被纳入到"扫黑除恶专项斗争"的范围予以严厉打击。工作开展以来,人民群众安全感、满意度持续提升,取得了看得见、感受得到的阶段性成效。但是在司法实践中,对套路贷相关犯罪的打击也存在负面溢出效应问题,其主要体现在:以套路贷取代特定犯罪构成要件;因套路贷而被定性为涉黑涉恶,不当扩张处罚范围;因"套路贷"或"涉黑涉恶"标签而被过重处罚。对此,应在坚持罪刑法定原则和刑法的谦抑性原则的基础上,严格把握"使被害人陷入错误认识"的构成要件,并因案制宜地考虑可否以其他更适合的罪名进行认定,从而尽可能消除存在的问题。     

论刑事诉讼法与国家监察体制的衔接

监察体制改革催生了监察法与刑事诉讼法的衔接问题。这两部法律的衔接并非仅在技术层面进行简单的对接与协同，而面临着深层次的内在诉讼价值冲突协调。监察法强调刑事司法的“犯罪控制价值”，而刑事诉讼法力求“打击犯罪”与“保障人权”并重。内在价值的冲突让程序机制的衔接变得更为复杂，涉及 “侦查”与“调查”的区分与衔接、职务犯罪案件的管辖衔接、强制措施衔接、退回补充调查的程序衔接以及认罪认罚程序的衔接等。从政治效果看，“乱世用重典”的刑罚观可在短期内发挥震慑作用，形成不敢腐的氛围，但长远之计还应构建“打击犯罪”与“保障人权”并举的稳定制度，注重反腐的可持续性及程序正当性。