大鼠死后脑组织的傅里叶变换红外光谱变化

目的应用傅里叶变换红外（Fourier transform infrared．FTIR）光谱技术分析大鼠死后脑组织随死亡时间推移的化学变化过程,为死亡时间推断的研究提供新的途径与数据。方法大鼠断颈处死后置于（30±2）℃环境下,在不同时间点提取大鼠脑皮质．运用FTIR光谱仪检测不同化学基团的变化。结果随着死亡时间的推移,大鼠脑组织FTIR光谱的主要吸收峰峰位没有明显变化．而其峰强有明显差异：（1）与核酸有关的谱带的相对峰强呈明显下降趋势;（2）酰胺Ⅰ、Ⅱ的峰强比（I1647/I1541）呈下降趋势;（3）1456和1398cm^-1谱带的峰强各自呈下降和上升趋势;（4）2852、2871、2923和2958cm^-1谱带的峰强相对于1647cm^-1而言．呈上升趋势。结论脑组织可以作为FTIR光谱技术分析死亡时间的适用检材。     

锦灯笼化学拆分组分的制备及抗菌作用研究

目的 研究中药锦灯笼各化学拆分组分的抗菌活性。方法 对锦灯笼化学组分进行拆分,检测其对金黄色葡萄球菌、耐药金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、耐药大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度。结果 锦灯笼水提物组分、酸浆多糖组分、酸浆苦素组分对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌有较强的抑制作用,且酸浆苦素组分还能抑制和杀死耐药金黄色葡萄球菌和耐药大肠杆菌。结论 锦灯笼各拆分组分具有一定的抗菌能力。     

使用危险化学品实施放火案件的物证检验1例

随着科技的发展,分析仪器在刑事技术领域的应用越来越广泛,有时往往会忽视对传统化学分析方法的应用。作为检验无机粉末的常用仪器,扫描电镜/能谱仪(SEM/EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)受检出限的影响,无法准确分析样品中的低含量组分。本文在一起危险化学品放火案件检验中,为确定样品中含S元素的物质种类,利用化学分析法对其进行沉淀富集,再使用SEM/EDS和XRD检验,确认其中含有KMnO4和KHSO4,推测嫌疑人使用KMnO4和浓H2SO4等危险化学品实施放火,这在日常工作中比较罕见。通过总结相关工作经验,可为类似案事件的预防、物证提取和检验提供新的思路。     

Preliminary investigations into tris(2,2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium III as a chemiluminescent reagent for the detection of 3,6-diacetylmorphine (heroin) on surfaces

The use of tris(2,2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium (III) as a chemiluminescent spray reagent spot-test for heroin is discussed. Two forms of the reagent are investigated an aqueous and an anhydrous where both were found to give vastly different results. The aqueous reagent giving slow, low intensity chemiluminescence whilst the anhydrous reagent gave a fast, bright response in the presence of 3,6-diacetylmorphine. The anhydrous reagent is less sensitive the slow, intensity response is characteristic of only two opiates tested 3,6-diacetylmorphine and 3-monoacetylmorphine.     

Neonatal death following clozapine self-poisoning in late pregnancy: an unusual case report

The report presents a fatal poisoning of a neonate occurring in the final stage of gestational life and evoked by his mother, who, while 9 months pregnant, took a toxic dose of clozapine aiming at committing suicide. She was also severely poisoned, but ultimately was saved. The woman had been taking the medication due to schizophrenia and depression prior to conception, and the discontinuation of the drug in the course of pregnancy increased the risk of the woman attempting suicide. In the course of comprehensive toxicological analysis based on the developed analytical procedure with the use of LC-APCI-MS, clozapine and its two metabolites, norclozapine and clozapine-N-oxide, were determined in postmortem blood, liver and kidney in concentrations explaining the death of the neonate. The interpretation of the above-described case is complex and--apart from toxicological aspects--also involves issues associated with psychiatry, pharmacotherapy in pregnancy and medicolegal problems.     

气相色谱-负化学源质谱法检测生物样品中佐匹克隆

目的建立气相色谱-负化学源质谱检验生物样品中佐匹克隆的方法。方法采用OasisHLB柱进行固相萃取,NCI-GC／MS检验。结果生物样品中佐匹克隆平均萃取回收率达75．8％,最低检出限0．01μg·mL^-1,线性良好,相关系数R^2=0．9989。结论该方法操作简便快速,提取回收率高,重现性好,提取物干净,可用于实际案件。     

Identification and quantification of phenobarbital in a mummified body 10 years after death

Abstract: This article reports the determination of phenobarbital in the mummified body of a 56‐year‐old man found completely mummified 10 years after his death. When alive, he was being treated for epilepsy with phenobarbital, and the recent analyses, performed with both immunochemical techniques and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), have revealed the presence of this substance in various tissues: the mean content of barbiturate in the mummified liver tissue was 93 μg/g, 216 μg/g in the heart, 17 μg/g in the lungs, 12 μg/g in muscles, and 31 μg/g in the skin. Preliminary screening tests with immunochemical techniques to evaluate the presence of other drugs were also performed. The sample resulted negative for all substances tested. Phenobarbital can be identified and quantified thanks to its excellent chemical stability and a hypothesis of what the concentrations in the fresh tissue could have been has also been reported.     

The Variability of Ecstasy Tablets Composition in Brazil

The content of ecstasy tablets has been changing over the years, and nowadays 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is not always present in the tablets. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition in the seized tablets labeled as ecstasy. We analyzed samples from 150 different seizures made by Sao Paulo's State Police by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. MDMA was present in 44.7% of the analyzed samples, and another twenty different active substances were identified in these tablets, such as caffeine, 2C‐B, piperazines, amphetamines, phencyclidine, and others. Methamphetamine was present in 22% of these samples. The results demonstrate a huge shift in the pattern of trafficking of synthetic drugs, where MDMA has been replaced in tablets mostly by illicit psychoactive substances, in a clear attempt to bypass the law. The great variability in the tablets composition may lead to an increased risk of drug poisoning.     

In Vitro Effects of Household Products on Calliphoridae Larvae Development: Implication for Forensic Entomology

Several parameters can delay the first arrival of flies on a corpse and the subsequent development of the larvae. This study focuses on the development of Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) (Meigen, 1826) on household chemical‐contaminated substrates. bleach, perfume, hydrochloric acid, caustic soda, insecticide, mosquito repellent, and gasoline in quantities consistent with an amount that could possibly be spilled on a corpse were mixed with beef liver to simulate contaminated fleshes. Larvae were bred at 25°C on these media until emergence. Four developmental parameters were followed: survival rates, development times, sex ratios, and adult sizes. Hydrochloric acid, insecticide, and gasoline killed all larvae. In low quantities, caustic soda and mosquito repellent increased the development time and decreased the adult size. However, high quantities of these chemicals killed all larvae. Lastly, bleach and perfume did not affect the survival rate and barely impacted the development time or adult size. These results demonstrate common household products spilled on a corpse can strongly affect the development of Calliphoridae larvae. The effects of such products should be considered in forensic entomology cases.     

实验室毒性物质管理

毒性化学物质是指人为制造或在产品制造过程中衍生的化学有毒物质。学术机构的实验室对化学药品的使用具有少量多样的特点,由于实验的需要常会与这类物质接触,虽然接触的频率不及工业界高,但仍有相当高的危险性,因而应对实验室毒性物质严加管理,防止危害发生。