Community-based forensic child and adolescent mental health services in England,Scotland and Wales: a national mapping exercise

Aim: We sought to ascertain the current nature of specialist community mental health provision for young people presenting with risk of harm to others or involvement with the youth justice system in England, Wales and Scotland. Methods: Questionnaire-based survey. Results: Fifty-five services were contacted, 48 responded and 35 of these were found to be providing some form of community mental health provision to high-risk young people. Thirteen services provided comprehensive community forensic child and adolescent mental health (FCAMH) services, whilst the remainder offered more ad hoc clinical input. Amongst the comprehensive FCAMH services, staffing, function, commissioning arrangements and population served varied widely. Conclusions: There is patchy geographical provision of comprehensive community FCAMH services across England, Scotland and Wales with heterogeneous commissioning arrangements, staffing and function. Development of a national commissioning strategy for community FCAMH services is required to ensure that the complex needs of high-risk young people are adequately addressed.     

Child Sexual Abuse in Turkey: An Analysis of 1002 Cases

This study investigated the characteristics of abuse suffered by children, the dimensions of the psychiatric effects associated with abuse, and the factors affecting these. One thousand two cases aged under 18, exposed to sexual abuse, and referred over a 7‐year period were assessed. Girls represented 80.8% of cases, and the numbers rose with age. The aggressors were all male, and 88.2% were known to their victim. Approximately half the children were exposed to sexual abuse involving penetration. Psychological pathology was identified in 62.1%. Female gender, the presence of penetration, physical violence, and incest significantly increased the development of psychological pathology. Levels of awareness in people close to and trusted by the child must be raised to minimize the adverse effects of trauma in the long term, preventive measures must be taken, and medical and social support units from which victims can receive assistance need to be established.     

儿童是目的:教育的伦理基础

人在任何时候任何情况下都是目的,而永远不能只视为手段。如果康德这一主张是对的,那么,儿童是教育的目的便是对的。教育自始至终都应以儿童为目的,这就否定了教育常常将儿童视为工具的旧观念。以儿童为目的的教育尊重儿童的生活和世界,尊重儿童的兴趣和需要,助推儿童按其本性生长。以儿童为目的的教育不是去设计、制造儿童,而是帮助儿童自我建设与自我完善。"以儿童为目的"是现代教育的基本特征,亦是入手考察与理解现代教育的重要维度。以儿童为目的的教育只能扎根于民主的或向往民主的社会中。     

婚内强制性性行为的文化解析及评价

对在婚姻存续期间发生的强制性性行为的评价,无论是学界还是实务界都存在诸多的争议。既有犯罪化与非犯罪化的思辨,也有截然相反的判例。而近乎通说的“婚内强奸”的称谓本身就是以承认该种强制性性行为犯罪化为前提,这种有罪推定的假定既不符合刑法的谦抑和罪刑法定原则,也使得对婚内强制性性行为的其他评价毫无意义。从客观主义立场出发,以文化的视角对该行为进行解析,进而对其进行道德、违法或犯罪评价,但排除强奸化的评价。     

新《婚姻法》浅议

新婚姻法重视法律和道德的结合,增加了夫妻间互负忠实义务、无效婚姻、可撤销婚姻、离婚条件及财产分割等方面的规定。但新婚姻法仍存在不足,需要进一步完善。     

Distributive justice and willingness to pay for municipality child care

With the aim of investigating factors affecting willingness to pay for municipality child care, a survey was undertaken in Sweden of 1840 parents living in five municipalities of different sizes. On the basis of the greed-efficiency-fairness hypothesis (Wilke, 1991) which is supported by results from experimental social dilemma research, it was hypothesized that perceived fairness of how the quality of child care is distributed (equal, proportional to need, or proportional to payment) as well as of method of payment (collectively by taxes or proportional to use by fees) would be important determinants of willingness to pay. Results showed that perceived fairness of how quality of child care is distributed played some role but that other factors had stronger effects. Perhaps also reflecting fairness considerations, willingness to pay by fees was on average higher than willingness to pay by taxes. Predicted from previous research, willingness to pay by taxes was furthermore found to increase with income and degree of use. However, willingness to pay by taxes showed an increase rather than the predicted decrease with municipality size.     

试析新婚姻法对于夫妻忠实义务的规定

新婚姻法对于夫妻忠实义务的规定合符法理及现实 ,但在实施过程中应注意法律的界限     

Methodological Issues in Assessing the Effects of Maltreatment Characteristics on Behavioral Adjustment in Maltreated Children

This paper explored methodological issues in examining the impact of maltreatment characteristics on behavioral adjustment in a sample of maltreated school-age children. Different approaches to assessing the effects of maltreatment type were used to determine whether maltreatment characteristics differed by type of maltreatment and whether relationships between maltreatment characteristics and child behavioral functioning differed according to type of maltreatment. Results revealed several differences among the three types of maltreatment subgroups (physical abuse, neglect, and sexual abuse) on characteristics of maltreatment experiences. Correlations between maltreatment characteristics and outcome measures for the sample as a whole obscured findings that relationships were often specific to particular types of maltreatment. Developing generic definitions for maltreatment characteristics applicable to all forms of maltreatment is difficult because of differences in meaning across maltreatment types. Findings suggest that the role of maltreatment characteristics in children's behavioral functioning should be examined separately for each form of maltreatment.     

PARENT-CHILD OBSERVATIONS IN CUSTODY EVALUATIONS

Child custody evalutors need to increase the scientific foundations of their work, both for the benefit of clients and to address criticisms of the field. Observations of parents with children potentially yield huge amounts of data, and it is important for evaluators to consistently apply scientific and professional principles to make sense of all that information. Recommendations for observation sessions are made that integrate theory, research, and practice. These recommendations include the most important interactional dimensions to focus on, which family members to have present, the optimal level of stress, the number of sessions needed, and considerations about home visits.     

应理性看待服刑人员的结婚行为

服刑人员虽然被判处刑罚,但结婚权属于未被剥夺或限制的权利之一。但由于人身自由的受限制,在客观上已无法通过自己的行为去实现结婚的权利。因此,这需要有关机关的配合与协助,而理性地看待服刑人员的结婚行为是解决问题的关键。