TRENDS IN CHILD PROTECTION MEDIATION: RESULTS OF THE THINK TANK SURVEY AND INTERVIEWS

Several child protection conflict resolution program directors and researchers talked about how best to initiate a networking effort for their field. In September 2007, their conversations culminated in a Think Tank in Columbus, Ohio. This was a collaboration of judges, program directors, researchers, and representatives from national organizations that work in child protection. Participants felt this was a successful effort and that the meeting provided networking opportunities and many provocative discussions. In order to facilitate a meeting that would be meaningful for the Think Tank participants, input was solicited from as many constituent groups as possible. Surveys and interviews were completed in the summer of 2007, which shed light on themes that were ripe for discussion and improvement. This article details the survey and interview results and includes some brief comments from the Think Tank itself. Thoughts about future research in child protection conflict resolution are also provided.     

EMPOWERING PARENTS IN CHILD PROTECTION MEDIATION: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

One of the greatest challenges that parents face in child protection mediation (CPM) is to voice their concerns and negotiate on a relatively equal basis with the other mediation participants. This article considers how imbalances of power, limited confidentiality protection, and the personal problems that bring parents into the child protection process can limit a parent's ability to exercise self-determination in mediation and offers guidance for mediators seeking to conduct CPM in a manner that effectively empowers parents to meaningfully and collaboratively participate in mediation.     

组织残疾人、儿童乞讨罪若干问题探讨

组织残疾人、儿童乞讨罪的客体是残疾人、儿童的人身权利和社会管理秩序;客观方面包括“暴力、胁迫”行为和组织行为,组织行为的对象和“暴力、胁迫”的对象具有同一性。采用暴力、胁迫方式进行组织的,以及在形成组织控制状态后的过程中对不愿乞讨的残疾人、儿童实施暴力、胁迫的,均构成犯罪,且无需把被组织者限定为3人以上。犯罪主体原则上应包括残疾人、儿童的父母或其他监护人在内。     

Child abuse: practical application of autopsy, radiological, and microscopic studies

A 17-month-old male infant died at home. The infant's right arm was immobilized because of a humeral fracture 1 month earlier. The circumstances of death appeared unclear to the police investigators and a medicolegal autopsy was carried out. External examination revealed diffuse ecchymoses of varying color. Postmortem imaging was performed prior to autopsy (X-rays, multislice computed tomography [MSCT], and focused brain magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]). These investigations revealed four rib fractures of varying ages, one of which was posterior. Cerebral and pericerebral traumatic lesions were also diagnosed: bilateral subdural hematomas, intraventricular, meningeal, and interpedoncular hemorrhages. In the abdomen, fresh blood was visible within the anterior abdominal wall and the mesenteric root. Autopsy and microscopic study confirmed these lesions. This case report illustrates the valuable assistance rendered by MSCT and MRI to diagnose abuse when a child has died in unclear circumstances.     

Sudden death in toddlers caused by influenza B infection: a report of two cases and a review of the literature

Sudden fatal cases of influenza B infection in a 4-year-old girl and a 2-year-old boy are presented. Both children complained of abdominal pain without respiratory, neurologic or cardiac symptoms; additionally the girl had vomiting within 2 days of death. Autopsy revealed histological changes in the respiratory system consistent with a viral infection. Influenza B infection was identified by immunohistochemistry in the girl and real-time polymerase chain reaction in the boy. Additional testing including cultures, toxicology, and screening for metabolic disorders were negative. These cases illustrate the usefulness of viral testing, especially for influenza, in the medical legal autopsy of children even when the classic respiratory symptoms of flu are lacking.     

评完善我国的无效婚姻制度——兼议修改后的《婚姻法》

无效婚姻是现实生活中较为普遍的一种社会现象 ,同时也是一种违法的民事关系。本文通过对无效婚姻原因的分析和各国无效婚姻制度的比较 ,结合修改后的《婚姻法》关于无效婚姻的规定 ,提出了进一步完善该制度的构想。     

克莱因的儿童心理结构观述评

英国著名儿童精神分析学家克莱因 ,从对象和对象关系入手 ,系统地阐述了生命第一年内儿童心理的发展及其结构特征。她提出的偏执—分裂样心态和抑郁性心态 ,是生命早期的自我状态、对象关系、焦虑及其防御的综合 ,它们既是一种正常的发展序列 ,又是某些病理现象的早期根源。两种心态观是克莱因对弗洛伊德的心理性欲发展阶段观的修正 ,是对儿童分析和儿童心理学的重要贡献。     

儿童偏矮身材的中医体质分布及风险预测模型构建

目的 调查北京市海淀区学龄前儿童偏矮身材的中医体质和其他影响因素并构建风险预测模型,为儿童偏矮身材的防治提供参考。方法 运用整群抽样和问卷调查方法,共纳入1 612例北京市海淀区学龄前儿童作为研究对象。偏矮身材影响因素的效应大小用比值比（odds ratio,OR）及其95%置信区间（confidence interval,CI）表示。使用STATA 14.0进行统计分析,采用R软件绘制列线图风险预测模型。结果 儿童偏矮身材检出率为14.0%。偏矮身材组和正常身高组阴虚质的分布差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示偏矮身材的显著影响因素是父亲身高（OR=0.90,95% CI为0.87~0.93,P=0.000）、母亲身高（OR=0.89,95% CI为0.86~0.92,P=0.000）、出生身长（OR=0.92,95% CI为0.87~0.97,P=0.002）、出生体质量（OR=0.48,95%CI为0.36~0.65,P=0.000）、母乳喂养时间大于12个月（OR=1.51,95% CI为1.11~2.05,P=0.008）、阴虚质（OR=1.19,95% CI为1.01~1.39,P=0.038）。根据显著影响因素构建列线图风险预测模型,一致性指数为71.0%（P<0.001）。结论 儿童偏矮身材可能是遗传、出生情况、母乳喂养和中医体质多因素影响作用的结果。     

Strengthening Canadian Law Enforcement and Academic Partnerships in the Area of Online Child Sexual Exploitation: The Identification of Shared Research Directions

This article outlines the law enforcement response to online child sexual exploitation and identifies two key areas of research that would benefit from an academic focus—the link between online and offline child sexual exploitation offending, and the psychological health and wellness of online child sexual exploitation investigation employees. While there are several areas in need of research, these two areas demonstrate a unique opportunity for collaborative work. Also highlighted is a joint international research partnership among law enforcement, practitioners and academia that demonstrates the benefits of linking academic research interests with the practical needs of law enforcement. Last, are several suggestions for operationally relevant collaborative research in this area. Such opportunities bring together various areas of expertise, which will advance our understanding of the needs of victims, and improve victim support services.     

论同性婚姻合法化

随着医学、伦理学和社会学对同性恋现象的深入研究,对同性恋者婚姻家庭权利予以法律保障的全球化立法运动此起彼伏。同性恋者追求永久结合的诉求具有正当性,应当予以立法保护。鉴于同性婚姻和异性婚姻毕竟存在着很多不同,应当区别对待。借鉴世界上其他国家的立法模式,结合我国的具体国情,我国同性恋者的结合宜采"同性伴侣"的立法模式,其成立要件、效力、同性伴侣财产制度也有别于婚姻制度。