公民参与和民主公共行政——以话语民主为研究视角厂廖晓愿

公民参与是否必定能够实现实质的民主？传统封闭的行政系统掌握着“话语”的垄断权,即使公民参与,也至多是一种“伪民主”。“话语理论”,特别是后现代“行政话语理论”,对于构建一种实质的民主,促进公共行政民主化提供了新的研究视角。     

慎独与大学生道德人格成长——秉论和谐社会建构视域中大学生公民道德的内化途径

在构建和谐社会视域中，探讨了慎独与大学生道德人格成长的相互关系。首先，论证了和谐社会公民道德的双重性是自律与他律的统一，公民道德人格的特征即为以良心和自律为主，在良心和自律中反映和遵从责任和他律。其次，分析了大学生道德人格的养成过程中慎独的必要性，指出责任和诚信共同构成了全球化背景下和谐社会“慎独”的意义。第三，分析了“慎独”作为有效的大学生公民道德教育的内化途径，在塑造大学生公民道德人格方面的独特作用；进而深入分析了自由作为和谐的公民社会的特性，也成为公民道德追求的价值目标，慎独的意义就是“人为自己立法”，从道德自律走向自由。     

On citizenship and citizenship education: a Levantine approach and reimagining Israel/Palestine

This article argues in favor of a Levantine approach to citizenship and citizenship education. A Levantine approach calls for some sort of Mediterranean regionalism, which accommodates and promotes overlapping and shared sovereignties and jurisdiction, multiple loyalties, and regional integration. It transcends the paradigmatic statist model of citizenship by recasting the relationship between territoriality, national identity, sovereignty, and citizenship in complex, multilayered and disaggregated constellations. As the case of Israel/Palestine demonstrates, this new approach goes beyond multicultural accommodation and territorial partition. It proposes, among other things, extending the political and territorial boundaries of citizenship to take all the territory between the Mediterranean Sea and Jordan River as one unit of analysis belonging to a larger region.     

How school influences adolescents’ conflict styles

The willingness to solve conflicts without violence and to strive for a reconciliation of interests is of central significance for the continued existence of democracies. In this paper, we aim to analyze school-related determinants of adolescents’ conflict behaviour. Models predicting the conflict styles of ‘integrating’, ‘dominating’, ‘avoiding’ and ‘obliging’ were developed drawing on different school climate and school development variables. At the individual level, almost all our hypotheses were confirmed. The highest correlations were found between an open classroom climate and the participation in a class council on the one hand, and an integrating conflict style on the other. On the class level however, most of the anticipated effects did not turn out to be significant. We hope that by providing information about different school climate and school development variables’ impacts on adolescents’ conflict styles, we can contribute to a more effective promotion of constructive conflict behaviour in adolescents.     

生态文明建设背景下公民文化的重塑

公民文化的重塑是现阶段我国生态文明建设的重要保证，因为只有国民的公共理性达到一定水平才能在全社会范围内建构起与生态文明建设步骤一致的价值观和生产生活方式，从而为生态文明的发展铺垫精神和物质基础。同时也只有通过公民文化来培育人的公共精神这一途径，社会才能够做到局部利益和整体利益，眼前利益和长远利益的根本统筹，最终实现经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设和生态文明建设的高度统一。     

政治参与和公民精神的互动——约翰·密尔《代议制政府》解读

在《代议制政府》中,约翰·密尔一方面强调政治过程的有效运转有赖于公民品质的支撑,尤其民主制度对于公民精神提出了更高的要求。另一方面,政治参与本身就是培育公民精神的重要途径。《代议制政府》中的各种制度设计和安排都可以从培育公民精神的角度来理解。从公民教育这一角度,密尔为民主制度做出了更加有力的辩护,而对于公民精神的强调则是构成其整体思想的一个重要方面。     

Social media,civil unrest and government responses: the Zimbabwean experience

ABSTRACT

This article discusses the discontent that increased against the Robert Mugabe led government as a result of grave socio-economic and political grievances, and in the context of accessible social media platforms which mobilised and empowered disenfranchised Zimbabweans to challenge the regime after the 2013 elections. Among other factors, the mounting discontent was caused by the belated payment of civil servants’ salaries, inability to create employment opportunities, refusal to enact electoral reforms, rampant corruption and the introduction of import ban restrictions. This led to the formation of civic organisations which demanded the resignation of Mugabe and these included, but were not limited to, #Tajamuka and #ThisFlag. In response, the Mugabe led government used rigid and repressive measures targeting the protesters, as well as traditional and social media platforms to safeguard itself.     

Families,divorce and voter turnout in the US

How large a role does the family play in civic development? This paper examines an important aspect of family influence by tracing the impact of divorce on voter turnout during adolescence. We show that the effect of divorce among white families is large, depressing turnout by nearly 10 percentage points. Using data from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988, we demonstrate that the impact of divorce varies by racial group and can rival the impact of parents’ educational attainment, which is generally regarded as the most important non-political characteristic of one’s family of origin. We attempt to explain the divorce effect by examining the mediating impacts of parental voter turnout, active social learning, income loss, child–parent interaction, residential mobility, and educational attainment.     

Market Demand for Civic Affairs News

This paper uses time series methods to test the relationship between civic affairs content and audience share for the ABC, CBS, and NBC evening news in the mid-1990s. Because these programs competed in the same market, but varied the amount of their civic affairs coverage, they present an excellent opportunity to analyze this relationship. The study uses hand-coded news abstracts and O.J. Simpson murder trial coverage as separate measures of news content. The study finds that lower levels of civic affairs content and higher levels of O.J. news are associated with greater audience share.     

A question of trust: military defection during regime crises in Benin and Togo

This article examines the role of trust between military officers and opposition forces in fostering mass defections of military personnel during pro-democracy uprisings. The current literature on military defection emphasizes the role of either opposition characteristics, or government control policies. Combining the two, however, takes better account of defection as an interaction between officers and the opposition. Through an analysis of civil–military relations during mass uprisings in Benin (1989–1990) and Togo (1990–1993), this article finds that loyalist stacking creates a core of military personnel with a strong stake in regime preservation, while counterbalancing leaves open the possibility for a military-opposition alliance. Alliance also depends on civic resistance campaign characteristics (the unity of the movement, its nonviolent character, the presence of opposition leaders with social ties to military personnel) and promises to military personnel that acknowledge the latter groups’ interests. These findings provide a new theoretical framework for understanding military actions during regime crises.